The ________ approach to the study of personality came about in reaction to the dominance of Western approaches to the study of personality in non-Western settings.
culture
femenist
indigenous
TEMAS
answer
indigenous
question
Who believed that our personality traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance?
Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud
Carl Rogers and Karen Horney
Erik Erikson and Abraham Maslow
Hans and Sybil Eysenck
answer
Hans and Sybil Eysenck
question
________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.
answer
heritability
question
A(an) ________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an ________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes.
answer
external
internal
question
In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament?
answer
Yellow Bile from Liver
question
Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.
Super Id
Id
Ego
Super Ego
answer
Id
question
Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?
After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?
Denial
Displacement
Regression
reaction Formation
Rationalization
Repression
Rejection
Sublimination
answer
Denial
Regression
question
According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.
Immanuel Kant used the terms persistent, steadfast, and calm to describe a ________ person.
choleric
melancholic
phlegmatic
sanguine
answer
Choleric
Phlegmatic
question
The ________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African-Americans, using images that relate to African-American culture.
Contemporary Stereotypes
Contemporized-Themes
Cultural Themes
Thematic Subjects
answer
Contemporized-Themes
question
Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could ________ if used rigidly and compulsively.
become neurotic strategies
lose their effectiveness
result in a complete mental breakdown
result in obsessive-compulsive behavior
answer
become neurotic strategies
question
Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________.
extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability
extroversion/stability; introversion/neuroticism
phlegmatic/choleric; sanguine/melancholic
phlegmatic/melancholic; choleric/sanguine
answer
extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability
question
Cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned: ________
archetypes and personas
beliefs and expectations
defense mechanisms and coping strategies
myths, legends, and stories
answer
beliefs and expectations
question
In Albert Banduras social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.
actions that are not internally motivated
anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded
reactions that are externally motivated
specific actions that result in reactions
answer
anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded
question
Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has...
Dan avoids applying to college because he doubts he can succeed. He is working a retail job, but he tends to focus on the things he does wrong. In fact, he has almost no confidence in his abilities, and when he experiences a setback at work he is ready to quit. Albert Bandura would say Dan has...
healthy cognitive processes
high self-efficacy
vicarious learning
no context
low self-efficacy
malfunctioning cognitive processes
moderate reciprocal determinism
answer
high self eff
low self eff
question
How can parents help their children achieve high congruence?
forcing them to be independent
giving them unconditional love
not allowing them to use their defense mechanisms
pointing out their mistakes
answer
unconditional love
question
As the third force in psychology, ________ is touted as a reaction both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorists view of humans passively reacting to the environment.
answer
humanism
question
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Hippocrates theorized phlegmatic, the personality trait, was associated with black bile from the kidneys
answer
White phlgem from the lungs
question
According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?
ability of the extrovert to become an introvert in the second half of life
ability of the introvert to become an extrovert in the second half of life
balance between extroversion and introversion
moving past the archetypes of the collective unconscious
answer
balance between extroversion and int
question
How are the principles of reciprocal determinism present in observational learning?
An individual's behavior is determined by the environment.
Cognitive processes depend on imitation.
Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate.
The environment determines which personal factors a person chooses to observe.
answer
Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate.
question
Which of the following is not something the theories of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow have in common?
Both theories are humanistic.
Both theories focus on individual choices.
Both theories focus on the personality formed in infancy.
Both theories reject biological determinism.
answer
Both theories focus on the personality formed in infancy.
question
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Research suggests that there are two dimensions of our temperament that are important parts of our adult personality: interactivity and self-regulation.
answer
Interactivity should be changed to reactivity
question
Who designed the first comprehensive system of constitutional psychology?
Maslow
Freud
Rogers
Skinner
Adler
Mischel
Bandura
Rotter
Horney
Erickson
Allport
Pavlov
Jung
Sheldon
answer
Sheldon
question
Who developed the social-cognitive theory?
Maslow
Freud
Rogers
Skinner
Adler
Mischel
Bandura
Rotter
Horney
Erickson
Allport
Pavlov
Jung
Sheldon
answer
Bandura
question
Because we have developed certain response tendencies, ________ believed that we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns.
Maslow
Freud
Rogers
Skinner
Adler
Mischel
Bandura
Rotter
Horney
Erickson
Allport
Pavlov
Jung
Sheldon
answer
Skinner
question
Who proposed the locus of control concept?
Maslow
Freud
Rogers
Skinner
Adler
Mischel
Bandura
Rotter
Horney
Erickson
Allport
Pavlov
Jung
Sheldon
answer
Rotter
question
Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?
Maslow
Freud
Rogers
Skinner
Adler
Mischel
Bandura
Rotter
Horney
Erickson
Allport
Pavlov
Jung
Sheldon
answer
Horney
question
Which of the following theorists is not neo-Freudian?
Albert Bandura
Carl Jung
Erik Erikson
Karen Horney
answer
Bandura
question
Who suggested birth order shaped personality?
Maslow
Freud
Rogers
Skinner
Adler
Mischel
Bandura
Rotter
Horney
Erickson
Allport
Pavlov
Jung
Sheldon
answer
Adler
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