Plasma Membrane

forms the cell's outer boundary and separates the cells internal environment from the outside environment.

contains all the cellular content between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.

a large organell that contains DNA in molecules called chromosomes.

form a lipid bilayer; are amphipathic molecules, having both polar and nonpolar regions.

_________ proteins extend into or through the lipid bilayer among the fatty acid tails and are ?rmly embedded in the membrane.

_________ proteins span the entire lipid bilayer.

_________ proteins attach to the inner or outer surface but do not extend through the membrane.

membrane proteins with a carbohydrate group attached that protrude into the extracellular fluid.

the entire 'sugary coating' surrounding the membrane.

Functions of the membrane: some integral proteins are ___________.

Functions of the membrane: ______ selectively move substances though the membrane

Functions of the membrane: _________ are for cellular recognition.

_________ catalyze chemical reactions.

a type of process that involves substances moving across the cell membranes without the input of any energy.

processes that involve the use of energy, primarily from the breakdown of ATP, to move substance against its gradient.

examples of _____________: diffusion of solutes diffusion of water (osmosis) facilitated diffusion

example of ___________: various types of transporters are used; energy is required.

a small spherical sac formed by budding off from a membrane.

materials move into a cell vesicle formed from the plasma membrane.

vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane releasing their contents into the extracellular fluid.

intracellular fluid; surrounding the organelles; the site of many chemical reactions; energy is usually released by these reactions; reactions provide the building blocks for cell maintenance, structure, function and growth.

Specialized structures within the cell.

a combination of endocytosis and exocytosis

network of protein filaments throughout the cytosol; provides structural support for the cell.

located near the nucleus, consists of two centrioles and pericentriolar material.

short, hair like projections from the cell surface, move fluids along the cell surface

longer than cilia, move an entire cell; only example is the sperm cell's tail.

site of protein synthesis.

modify, sort, and package proteins for transport to different destinations.

vesicles that form from the Golgi Complex and contain powerful digestive enzymes.

smaller than lysosomes; detoxify several toxic substances such as alcohol; abundant in the liver.

continuously destroy unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins.

the 'power house; of the cell; generates ATP