Nuclear Chemistry: Part 2 Unit Test Review And Test 96%

25 July 2022
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question
Which procedure will most increase the energy output of a nuclear reactor?
answer
raising the control rods out of the reactor
question
Which type of reaction does this diagram represent?
answer
a chain reaction that is caused by nuclear fission
question
What occurs as energy is transferred through the radiative zone of the Sun? Check all that apply.
answer
Photons are absorbed and reemitted. Photons are scattered in many directions.
question
Which best describes nuclear fusion?
answer
Nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.
question
Which type of radiation do people try to protect themselves from by wearing protective clothing that is made of aluminum?
answer
beta radiation
question
Energy released by fusion in the Sun is initially in the form of ________________
answer
gamma rays
question
Which best describes what forms in nuclear fission?
answer
two smaller, more stable nuclei
question
What effect does supercritical mass have on a nuclear reaction?
answer
The reaction rate increases.
question
Which is an image of a scintillation counter?
answer
D
question
A shield of material that reflects neutrons is placed around a radioactive sample. Which change in the nuclear reaction is most likely to happen?
answer
A chain reaction will be sustained in a subcritical mass.
question
Why would a doctor most likely restrict a patient's contact with other people while the patient receives internal radiation?
answer
Radioactive material can leave the patient's body through saliva, sweat, and urine.
question
Which issue poses the greatest long-term challenge in the development of new nuclear power plants?
answer
storage of radioactive waste
question
Carlotta makes a graphic organizer about the steps of the Sun's hydrogen fusion process. She wants to add three labels. Label 1: 1/1H is a reactant. Label 2: Energy is released. Label 3: Helium is produced. What is the best placement of the labels?
answer
Label 1 in region W. Label 2 in region X. Label 3 in region Y.
question
In which range is the peak wavelength of a star that is much hotter than the Sun most likely to be?
answer
ultraviolet light
question
Consider the three equations below. 14/7N + 1/1H -> 15/8O 4/2He + 4/2He -> 8/4Be 28/14Si + (7)4/2He -> 56/28Ni Which statement do these reactions best support?
answer
Nuclear fusion plays an important role in making elements that are heavier than helium.
question
Which energy transformation occurs in the core of a nuclear reactor?
answer
nuclear energy mc011-2.jpg thermal energy
question
Which type of radiation is the main hazard during radiological procedures?
answer
gamma
question
What is the sequence of energy transformations that occur in a nuclear reactor?
answer
nuclear energy -> thermal energy -> mechanical energy -> electrical energy
question
A fusion reaction takes place between carbon and another element. Neutrons are released, and a different element is formed. The different element is
answer
lighter than helium.
question
Which profession is likely to use a radiation shield?
answer
dentist
question
Which type of reaction does this diagram represent? mc006-1.jpg
answer
nuclear fusion because atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus
question
A mining company wants to build a modern processing plant that is safe for workers. The location of the plant is close to the mining operation, which has inadvertently exposed some sources of radionuclides. Which is the best reason for consulting with a nuclear chemist before building the processing plant?
answer
to determine the level of radionuclides present
question
Which best describes a chain reaction associated with a nuclear reaction?
answer
Neutrons released during a fission reaction cause other nuclei to split.
question
Which statement is true about the use of radiation to treat cancer?
answer
Only powerful X-rays can be used.
question
Consider the incomplete equation below 4/2He + 4/2He -> ? If this equation was completed, which statement would it best support?
answer
Nuclear fusion produces elements that are heavier than helium.
question
Disposal of radioactive waste is a major concern in nuclear power production. Which method of disposal is least dangerous?
answer
encasing nuclear waste in containers that are then taken to remote locations
question
Which environmental hazard is directly related to nuclear power production?
answer
radiation leakage
question
Which career is most suited for a nuclear chemist?
answer
studying the production and use of radioactive sources
question
In the Sun, which element is the result of the fusion of hydrogen?
answer
helium
question
Which type of reaction occurs in the core of a nuclear reactor in a nuclear power plant?
answer
235/92 U + 1/0n -> 90/38Sr + 143/54Xe + (3)1/0n
question
Consider the following statistic. As of January 2009, the USA has produced 60,000 metric tons of nuclear waste in 60 years of operating 104 nuclear power plants. On average, how much waste is produced by each plant on a monthly basis?
answer
0.8 tons per month
question
Which equation represents a fission reaction?
answer
235/92U + 1/0n -> 140/55Cs + 94/37Rb + (2)1/0n
question
What change of energy occurs between the steam generator and the turbine?
answer
Thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy.
question
Which statement describes the use of control rods?
answer
Control rods are lowered into the reactor to slow down the reaction by absorbing neutrons.
question
Which disadvantage of nuclear power use poses the greatest threat to the environment?
answer
the storage and management of radioactive wastes
question
Which radiation detection device is the best to use for measuring the presence of radiation in large moving objects where constant monitoring is impossible?
answer
film badge
question
Which career is most concerned with the study of radioactive isotopes?
answer
nuclear chemist
question
Which statement is true?
answer
It is difficult to responsibly dispose of nuclear waste products.
question
Which is a biological effect of low exposure to radiation?
answer
DNA damage
question
How does critical mass play a role in nuclear reactions?
answer
It is the minimum amount of material needed to sustain a fission reaction.