Module 6 & 7 Review MC

4 October 2022
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A child's temperament is likely to be:
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Stable over time
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Concepts of masculinity and femininity that influence our perceptions are called gender:
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Schemas
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Research most clearly suggests that personality traits are more strongly influenced by:
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Genes than by home environment
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At a social gathering, Latin Americans may behave in a manner that North Americans consider intrusive and overly expressive. This best illustrates the importance of being sensitive to differing:
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Norms
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The tendency to exaggerate the impact of parent's' child-rearing practices on children's personality has been most characteristic of:
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Freudian Psychologists
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Although identical twins have been shown to have some amazing psychological similarities, one should be cautious about attributing these similarities to genetic factors because:
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Any two strangers are likely to share a string of coincidental similarities
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The hormone testosterone:
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Stimulates growth of the male sex organs
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Providing a child with a stimulating educational environment during early childhood is likely to:
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Prevent neural connections from degenerating
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When his son cries because another child has taken his favorite toy, Brandon admonishes him by saying, "Big boys don't cry." Evidently, Brandon is and advocate of ______ in accounting for the development of gender-linked behaviors.
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Social learning theory
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Who are likely to show the greatest similarity in temperament?
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Ruth and Ramona, identical twins
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Genetically female children often play in "masculine" ways if they were exposed to excess _____ during prenatal development.
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Testosterone
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The heritability of a specific trait will be greatest among:
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Genetically dissimilar individuals who have been raised in similar environments.
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Gender differences in heritable personality traits cannot necessarily be attributed to male-female genetic differences because: heritable traits can be influenced by social environments.
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Heritable traits can be influenced by social environments.
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Because he believes that crying is a feminine trait, 14-year-old George has difficulty admitting that a movie makes him tearful, his experience best illustrates dynamics highlighted by:
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Gender Schema Theory
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Identical twins who have separate placentas are somewhat less similar than identical twins who share a placenta. This best illustrates the influence of ___________ on development.
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Prenatal environments
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Heritability refers to the extent to which:
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Trait differences among individuals are attributable to genetic variations.
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Chad, who grew up in the United States, is more likely to encourage _____ in his future children than Asian_born Hidiyaki, who is more likely to encourage _____ in his future children.
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Independence; emotional closeness
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Children raised in the same family are not especially likely to have similar personalities. This most clearly implies that we should be cautious about attributing personality to:
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Parental influences
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Over the last century Western parents have placed ____ priority on teaching children to respect and obey parents and ____ priority on teaching them loyalty to their country.
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Decreasing; decreasing
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Displays of self-effacing humility are most characteristic of those who value:
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Collectivism
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A behavior geneticist would be most interested in studying hereditary influences on:
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Personality Traits
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Research studies have found that when infant rats and premature human babies are regularly touched or massaged they:
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Gain weight more rapidly & develop faster neurologically
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Compared with women, men are more likely to:
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Initiate sexual activity, think about sex, and comply with direct requests for casual sex.
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Premature babies are especially likely to gain weight if stimulated by:
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Touch and Massage
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Adolescent females spend:
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Less time alone and more time praying than do adolescent males.
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Women and men are most likely to be attracted to strongly gender-typed mates in culture characterized by:
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Gender inequality
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The dramatic increase in Americans' premarital sexual activity over the past half-century best illustrates that sexual behavior is influenced by:
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Norms
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My sibling and I developed from a single fertilized egg. Who are we?
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Same-sex identical twins
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Dmitry Belyacy and Lyudmila Trut successfully domesticated wild foxes by means of:
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Selective mating.
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Which of the following is not true regarding cultural diversity?
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Culture does not have a strong influence on how strictly social roles are defined.
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Environmental influences on personality traits are most clearly highlighted by comparing:
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Identical twins raised together with identical twins raised apart.
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Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute gender differences in attitudes toward casual sex to the fact that men have ____ than do women.
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Greater reproductive potential
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Those who defend evolutionary psychology against criticism are most likely to suggest that evolutionary principles:
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Generate testable predictions.
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According to evolutionary psychologists, behaviors that promote reproductive success are likely to be:
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Genetically predisposed
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Defining one's identity in terms of one's extended family or work group is most closely associated with:
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Collectivism
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Children who are raised by parents who discourage traditional gender-typing:
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Nevertheless organize themselves into :girl worlds" and "boy worlds"
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I am a rat whose cortex is lighter and thinner than my litter mates. What happened to me?
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You were raised in a deprived environment.
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Jaquetta was exposed to excess testosterone during prenatal development. As a young girl, Jaquetta is likely to:
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Prefer toy cars over dolls.
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Men judge women as especially attractive if:
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They appear youthful, and women judge men as especially attractive if they appear mature.
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An evolutionary psychologist would suggest that people are genetically predisposed to:
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Fear dangerous animals, love their own children, seek healthy-looking mates.
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Which theory states that gender becomes a lens through which children view their experiences?
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Gender schema theory
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The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior and personality traits is known as:
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Behavior genetics.
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The personalities of adopted children:
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Are not very similar to the personalities of their adoptive parents.
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The fact that after age 2, languages forces children to begin organizing their worlds on the basis of gender is most consistent with with theory of how gender-linked behavior develop?
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Gender Schema Theory
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The genome is the complete:
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Set of genetic material in an organisms' chromosomes.
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At about eight months of age, people across the world start to ____ strangers; as adults they prefer the company of those whose attributes are ____ to their own.
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Fear; similar
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The selection effect in peer influence refers to the tendency of children and youth to:
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Seek out friends with similar interests and attitudes.
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Compared to fraternal twins, identical twins are much more similar in:
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Extraversion, neuroticism, temperament
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Teens who smoke typically have friends who smoke. In order to avoid overestimating the impact of peer pressure on teens' smoking habits, it would make the most sense to consider the impact of:
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Smoking preferences on friendship choices.
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Which of the following most accurately express the extent of parental influence on personality.
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It is more limited than popular psychology supposes.