Human Nutrition Quiz 15

1.The formation of glycogen by the liver cell is an example of a. oxidation. b. glycolysis. c. anabolism. d. catabolism.

In photosynthesis, the plant uses energy from the sun, plus water and carbon dioxide, to synthesize a. carbohydrates only. b. fats and carbohydrates only. c. protein and carbohydrates only. d. fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Which of the following is NOT among the functions of the liver? a. Synthesis of urea b. Synthesis of glycogen c. Production of red blood cells d. Conversion of fructose to fatty acids

In the adult body, food energy not stored as fat or glycogen is lost as a. heat. b. photons. c. carbon dioxide. d. electromagnetic radiation.

Which of the following reactions is an example of an anabolic reaction? a. Pyruvate synthesis from glucose b. Acetyl CoA synthesis from cholesterol c. Carbon dioxide synthesis from citric acid d. Cholesterol synthesis from acetyl CoA molecules

Which of the following defines a coenzyme? a. A unit consisting of an enzyme bound to reactants plus ATP b. An organic molecule required for the functioning of an enzyme c. The small, active part of an enzyme that binds to the organic reactants d. An inactive enzyme that becomes functional upon contact with specific cofactors

Glycolysis is the conversion of a. glycogen to fat. b. glycogen to protein. c. glucose to pyruvate. d. glucose to glycogen.

Which of the following metabolic reactions occurs when a cell uses energy? a. ATP gains a phosphate group and becomes ADP b. ADP gains a phosphate group and becomes ATP c. ATP releases a phosphate group and becomes ADP d. ADP releases a phosphate group and becomes ATP

What is the major energy carrier molecule in most cells? a. ATP b. Glucose c. Pyruvate d. A kcalorie

Which of the following CANNOT be formed from acetyl CoA molecules? a. Glucose b. Cholesterol c. Stearic acid d. Carbon dioxide

Which of the following outlines the overall sequence of events in the complete oxidation of glucose? a. Cori cycle, TCA cycle, glycolysis b. Glycolysis, TCA cycle, electron transport chain c. Electron transport chain, TCA cycle, Cori cycle d. TCA cycle, electron transport chain, glycolysis

Your roommate Demetrius is participating in a weightlifting course and complains of a burning pain during workouts. You explain to Demetrius that the rapid breakdown of glucose in his muscles produces large amounts of pyruvate, which leads to a fall in pH within the muscle and that the muscle responds by converting excess pyruvate to a. lactate. b. glycerol. c. acetyl CoA. d. amino acids.

Which of the following CANNOT be formed from pyruvate in human beings? a. Glucose b. Fructose c. Lactic acid d. Linoleic acid

Which of the following is a possible fate of acetyl CoA? a. Degradation to urea b. Synthesis to glycerol c. Synthesis to fatty acids d. Degradation to ammonia

Fatty acid oxidation results in the direct production of a. ketones. b. fructose. c. pyruvate. d. acetyl CoA.

How many acetyl CoA molecules may be obtained from oxidation of an 18-carbon fatty acid? a. 3 b. 6 c. 9 d. 18

Which of the following leads to the production of urea? a. Oxidation of glucose b. Oxidation of amino acids c. Incomplete oxidation of fatty acids d. Synthesis of protein from amino acids

Which of the following dietary components CANNOT be used to synthesize and store glycogen? a. Lactose b. Animal fats c. Wheat starch d. Plant protein

Adverse side effects of typical low-carbohydrate diets include all of the following EXCEPT a. fatigue. b. nausea. c. constipation. d. high blood pressure.

What organ is the major site for gluconeogenesis? a. Liver b. Brain c. Muscle d. Small intestine

Which of the following is a feature of the electron transport chain? a. It captures energy in the high-energy bonds of ATP b. It pumps carbon dioxide across the mitochondrial membrane c. It is composed of a series of coenzymes that transfer electrons up a concentration gradient d. It combines oxygen from carbon dioxide with hydrogen generated from the splitting of water

The number of ATP molecules that can be produced from a molecule of protein, fat, or carbohydrate is generally related to the number of atoms of a. carbon. b. oxygen. c. nitrogen. d. hydrogen.

All of the following are features of the metabolism of surplus dietary carbohydrate in human beings EXCEPT a. excess glucose suppresses fat oxidation. b. excess glucose is oxidized only very slowly. c. excess glucose is first used to fill glycogen reserves. d. conversion of excess glucose to fat occurs only to a very limited extent.

Jake is getting ready for spring training and is sitting down to a dinner of half a chicken, a rib-eye steak, black beans, and 5 slices of bacon. He has been eating typical dinners like this for about a month and has since gained 7 pounds, while exercising only briefly. When Jake asks why he doesn't see an increase in his biceps or abs, the proper response should be a. dietary protein alone does not contribute to muscle accretion. b. it takes at least 6 months to document changes in muscle accretion. c. the weight he has gained can be attributed to a substantial increase in his protein stores. d. because muscle accretion only responds to very lean meat choices, he should eliminate the fatty bacon and steak from his diet to promote muscle gain.

At what point is oxygen used in the electron transport chain? a. At the end b. At every step c. At the beginning d. When ATP is synthesized

Which of the following products is NOT generated via the TCA cycle or electron transport chain? a. Water b. Energy c. Ammonia d. Carbon dioxide

what is the immediate fat of excess dietary protein in the body?