Nutrition Chapter 7

What is the sum of all chemical reactions that go on in the body?

In photosynthesis, plants use the sun, water and CO2 to synthesize

"Powerhouses" are

A feature of catabolic reactions is that they

Reactions where simple compounds are combined into more complex molecules are

The site of lipid synthesis in the cell is the

Which is an anabolic reaction: Pyruvate synthesis from glucose, Acetyl CoA synthesis from cholesterol, CO2 from citric acid, or cholesterol from acetyl CoA molecules?

The formation of glycogen by the liver is an example of

Which reaction is catabolic: Glucose formation from glycerol, urea formation from an amino acid, albumin formation from amino acids, or palmitic acid formation from acetate?

All are functions of the liver except: Synthesis of urea, synthesis of glycogen, production of red blood cells, or conversion of fructose to glucose

What is the approximate percent efficiency of conversion of food to ATP energy in the body?

In the adult body, food energy not stored as fat or glycogen is lost as

What is a coenzyme?

The hydrolysis of ATP that often occurs simultaneously with the synthesis of many compounds is an example of

Which metabolic reaction occurs when a cell uses energy?

What is the major energy carrier molecule in most cells?

The basic units derived from food include all except: glycerol, starches, amino acids, fatty acids.

What percent of the body's expenditure is furnished by amino acids?

What cannot be formed from acetyl CoA molecules?

Which cannot be formed from pyruvate in humans: Glucose, Fructose, Lactic acid, or Linoleic acid?

Glycosis is the conversion of

Is glycosis reversible?

What is the order of events in the complete oxidation of glucose?

Energy in aerobic metabolism is produced (slower/faster) than energy in anaerobic metabolism

Aerobic reactions require

When working out, excess pyruvate is converted to

The Cori cycle involves the interconversion of

Which is not a possible fate for metabolized glucose: Urea, acetyl CoA, amino acids, or muscle glycogen

Which nutrient can be made from compounds composed of 2 carbon skeletons?

Which is a possible fate of acetyl CoA: degradation to urea, synthesis to glycerol, synthesis to fatty acids, or degradation to ammonia?

What is the first product of fatty acid catabolism?

Fatty acid oxidation results in the direct production of

Production of excessive amounts of acetyl CoA molecules leads to the synthesis of

In a triglyceride that contains 54 carbons, how many of those can become a part of glucose?

What compound cannot be formed from fatty acids: Glucose, Ketones, CO2, or Acetyl CoA

What % of weight of triglycerides cannot be converted to glucose?

How many acetyl CoA molecules can be obtained from oxidation of an 18 carbon fatty acid?

What dietary component cannot be used to synthesize and store glycogen?

Which dietary component cannot be used to make body proteins?

An immediate consequence of a cellular deficiency of oxaloacetate is a slowing of

All of the following may serve as precursors for oxaloacetate except: fat, starch, glucose, protein

What is the immediate fate of of excess dietary protein in the body

After digested and absorbed, an amino acid that is not used to build protein will first be subject to

What leads to the production of urea?

If carbohydrate content of the diet is insufficient, what is converted to glucose?

When protein consumption is excess, excess amino acids are metabolized and the energy in the molecule is stored as

What are the products from the complete oxidation of fatty acids?

Which is not generated by the TCA cycle or electron transport train: water, CO2, ammonia, or energy?

When is oxygen used in the electron transport chain?

Why do fatty acids have the most energy of all the nutrients?

The number of ATP molecules produced from carbs, protein, or fat, is related to the number of atoms of

How many molecules of ATP are generated from the complete oxidation of 1 molecule of glucose?

How many ATP molecules are synthesized from the complete oxidation of a molecule of palmitic acid?

Which of the following can be synthesized from all 3 energy yielding nutrients: Lactate, glycogen, oxaloacetate, or acetyl CoA?

Which nutrient is easiest for the body to convert to fat?

If a person consumes 100 kcals of excess sugar, how many are stored in the body?

If 100 kcals of excess olive oil are consumed, what % are stored in the body?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the metabolism of specific macronutrients? a. The rate of fat oxidation does not change when fat is eaten in excess b. The rate of protein oxidation does not change when protein is eaten in excess c. The rate of glucose oxidation does not change when carbohydrate is eaten in excess d. The conversion of dietary glucose to fat represents the major pathway of carbohydrate utilization Which of the following is a characteristic of the metabolism of specific macronutrients? a. The rate of fat oxidation does not change when fat is eaten in excess b. The rate of protein oxidation does not change when protein is eaten in excess c. The rate of glucose oxidation does not change when carbohydrate is eaten in excess d. The conversion of dietary glucose to fat represents the major pathway of carbohydrate utilization

How does excess carb intake contribute to obesity?

What is the body's first reaction to the absorption of abundant amounts of carbs?

All of the following are features of the metabolism of surplus dietary carbohydrate in human beings except a. excess glucose suppresses fat oxidation. b. excess glucose is oxidized only very slowly. c. excess glucose is first used to fill glycogen reserves. d. conversion of excess glucose to fat occurs only to a very limited extent. All of the following are features of the metabolism of surplus dietary carbohydrate in human beings except a. excess glucose suppresses fat oxidation. b. excess glucose is oxidized only very slowly. c. excess glucose is first used to fill glycogen reserves. d. conversion of excess glucose to fat occurs only to a very limited extent.

Which of the following is a feature of the metabolism of surplus dietary fat? a. Excess fat is almost all stored b. Excess fat promotes increased fat oxidation c. Excess fat spares breakdown of body proteins d. Conversion of excess fat to storage fat is inefficient

After roughly a day of fasting, what is most depleted in the body?

Of the total amount of carbs in the body, what percentage is used by the brain and nerve cells?

What percent of carbs in the body is used just by the brain?

During the first few days of a fast, which energy source provides about 90% of the glucose needed to fuel the body?

What dietary nutrient would most rapidly reverse a state of ketosis in a starving person?

How soon would you die from starvation if the body was unable to shift to a state of ketosis?

Ketosis occurs when

A person with acetone breath most likely has the condition known as

What does the brain use for fuel after fasting for a while?

Ketosis makes the breath smell

Ketosis is defined as an elevation of

How are ketones formed?

Is a decrease in mental alertness a feature in starving people?

Does ketosis raise or lower blood ph?

Which is classified as a ketone body: sorbitol, acetyl CoA, pyruvate, or acetoacetate,

Adverse side effects of typical low carb diets include all except: fatigue, high blood pressure, nausea, or constipation

What type of diet is associated with ketosis?

The health benefits of moderate alcohol intake occur in people with a starting age of

Binge drinking is the successive consumption of how many drinks?

How many drinks per day is moderate alcohol intake for an average woman?

How many drinks per day is moderate alcohol intake for a man?

The chemical structure of ethanol consists of

The ratio of proof to alcohol percentage is

The amount of ethanol in a drink is how many ounces?

How many kcals are in 3 ounces of 80 proof rum?

A beer contains the same amount of alcohol as how many ounces of vodka?

Why do women have a lower alcohol tolerance than men?

What organ absorbs alcohol first?

What organ oxidizes alcohol?

Which nutrient absorbs alcohol best?

The metabolism of alcohol begins in the

Which of the following is characteristic of alcohol absorption? a. It is slowed when the stomach is full of food b. It is increased when high-fat snacks are eaten c. It is increased when carbohydrate snacks are eaten d. It is lower in women than in men of the same body weight

What determines how fast alcohol is eliminated from the body?

What is acetaldehyde?

Excess alcohol intake leads to a reduction in the synthesis rate of

What is the sequence of the stages that brings out advanced liver disease caused by chronic alcohol toxicity?

What is MEOS?

What percent of alcohol is eliminated through urine and breath

Which function is affected first when you start drinking

What blood alcohol percent defines drunkenness?

What blood alcohol percent leads to impaired judgement and increased heart rate?

what blood alcohol concentration in the body is fatal?

What hormone production is surpressed following alcohol intake?

The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in people with chronic alcohol abuse stems primarily from a deficiency of

Ethanol metabolism increases the output of what acid?

Chronic excess alcohol intake leads to all of the following effects on folate except a. the small intestine recycles more folate. b. the liver releases more folate into the blood. c. the kidneys excrete more folate via the urine. d. the small intestine absorbs less folate from the diet.

how many kcals from ethanol are in 1 drink of vodka or rum?

What % of fatal traffic accidents involve alcohol?

What is the median weekly number of alcoholic drinks consumed by college students?

What fraction of domestic violence incident involve alcohol use?

127. Which of the following is a characteristic of alcohol use? a. Ingestion of alcohol cools the body b. Alcohol stimulates the appetite for most people c. Since alcohol is legal, it is not classified as a drug d. Intake of alcohol along with raw seafood reduces the chances of contracting hepatitis