The image shows a flower that was produced by crossing a pure red flower with a pure white flower. Which do you think is the dominant petal color: red or white? Explain.
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I think the dominant petal color is red due to there being more red petals than white petals.
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How is the inheritance pattern shown by this flower different from other inheritance patterns you have seen or studied?
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The inheritance pattern shown is different from the other inheritance patterns I have studied. Because the typical inheritance pattern would only be one color, only white or only red. This pattern shows codominance with the red and white flower.
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What is the red chicken's genotype?
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FRFR
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What is the white chicken's genotype?
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FWFW
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What do you think the letters F, R, and W stand for in the genotypes?
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F for Feathers
R for Red
W for White
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Predict: What do you think the offspring of a red chicken and a white chicken will look like?
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The offspring would likely be a cross between the two colors. However, if there is a dominant color gene, such as white, the chicken will be white.
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Observe: Click Breed. What are the offspring genotypes
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FRFW
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An organism's appearance is its phenotype. Describe the offspring's phenotype.
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The offspring are red and white.
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Experiment: Drag four offspring to the Holding Cages. Click Clear, and then drag one of the offspring to a parent box. Drag a white chicken to the other box. Click Breed several times.
Describe the resulting genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.
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All the resulted genotypes were FWFW.
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Revise and Repeat: Click Clear. Drag another chicken from the Holding Cages to the parent box. Drag a red chicken to the other box. Click Breed several times.
Describe the resulting genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.
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The chickens have offspring of both red and red and white colored feathers. Sometimes the red feather gene is more dominant and results in all five offspring being red.
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Explain: In dominant/recessive inheritance patterns, the dominant allele is always expressed when present. The recessive allele is onlyexpressed when the dominant allele is not present. Use your observations from this activity to describe how codominant inheritance patterns differ from dominant/recessive inheritance patterns.
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Codominance refers to an inheritance type where both alleles of a particular gene are expressed in the phenotype.
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Introduction: Probability is the likelihood that a specific event will occur. Scientists use probability to predict the outcomes of different genetic crosses.
Question: How can you use probability to predict the outcome of a codominant cross?
Model: A Punnett square is used to model the possible offspring genotypes from a genetic cross. The parent genotypes are written at the top and side of the square, as shown. The possible offspring genotypes are then filled in. The first square is filled in for you. Fill in the remaining squares. (Note: FR FW is equivalent to FW FR.)
FR
FW
FR
FRFR
FW
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FR
FW
FR
FRFR
FRFW
FW
FWFR
FWFW
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Are the parents homozygous or heterozygous? Explain how you know.
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The parents are heterozygous, due to having two different alleles, which are the white and red colored feathers, rather than just one solid colored feather.
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What are the possible genotypes of the offspring?
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FRFW, FRFR, FWFW
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Will the offspring be homozygous or heterozygous?
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The offspring would be heterozygous since the parents are both heterozygous.
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How many total possible outcomes are there?
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There are four possible outcomes. So there is a 25% probability.
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Complete the table below to show the number of outcomes and the probabilities in both fractions and percentages.
Test: Use the Gizmo to test your predicted outcomes. Turn on Show statistics and Show as approximate percentage. Click Breed. What are the results of the cross?
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40% Red, 60% White, and 0% Red and White offspring.
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Evaluate: Did the results of the cross match your prediction? If not, why do you think that was the case?
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They did not match original prediction, they did not match because the firstborn offspring do not typically match their parents.
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Collect data: Click Breed 19 more times until you have generated 100 offspring. How do the percentages match your prediction now? Have they gotten to be more or less similar to your original prediction?
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18% Red, 32% White, and 50% Red and White offspring. They have gotten closer to my original predictions.
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Compare: Click Breed until you have generated at least 1,000 offspring. Compare the statistics on the Gizmo with your original predictions. How close are they?
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23% Red, 25% White, 52% Red and White. My original predictions were 25% Red, 25% White, and 50% Red and White. The statistics are nearly identical to my original predictions.
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