Which of the following properly describes Mount St. Helens and the other Cascade volcanoes?
answer
They are young, active volcanoes built on a continental margin above a sinking slab of oceanic lithosphere.
question
What causes the volcanoes and deep valleys of East Africa?
answer
A continental rift along parts of the African continent beginning to slowly separate
question
Which of the following statements applies to the asthenosphere, but not the lithosphere?
answer
A zone in the upper mantle that deforms by plastic flowage
question
What type of region is the modern-day Red Sea?
answer
A rift zone that may eventually open into a major ocean if Arabia and Africa continue to seperate
question
What is the temperature that magnetite loses its magnetization?
answer
800 degrees C
question
Which one of the following is an important fundamental assumption underlying the plate tectonic theory?
answer
Earth's diameter has been essentially constant over time.
question
Which of the following paleoclimatic evidence supports the idea of the late Paleozoic supercontinent in the Southern Hemisphere?
answer
Tillites (rocks formed by glaciers) in South Africa and South America
question
What process is evident at oceanic trenches?
answer
Sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle at a subduction zone
question
What causes the linear patterns associated with paleomagnetism on either side of mid-oceanic ridges?
answer
Normal and reversed magnetized strips roughly parallel to the ridge
question
Which of the following was never proposed as evidence supporting the existence of Pangaea?
answer
Islands along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with rocks dating back from 542 million to 2500 million years ago
question
What was the name of the fossil flora that grew on Pangaea during the late Paleozoic?
answer
Glossopteris
question
What type of boundary occurs along the Aleutian Islands in the North Pacific?
answer
A convergent boundary on a volcanic arc above the northward-subducting Pacific plate
question
What type of plate boundary is usually associated with pull-apart rift zones?
answer
A divergent plate boundry
question
Which of the following is not evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics?
answer
Shifting plates were caused by changes in the Moon's orbit.
question
Which of the following is an example of an active continent-continent collision?
answer
The northward movement of India into Eurasia
see
question
Why was Wegener's continental drift hypothesis rejected?
answer
Because Wegener could not identify a mechanism capable of moving continents
question
A very long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called a(n) __________.
answer
Hot spot
question
A transform plate boundary is characterized by __________.
answer
A deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions
question
Where in the ocean does oceanic lithosphere sink into the mantle?
answer
At subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries
question
What evidence did the Deep Sea Drilling Project find about the dates of rocks in the ocean basins?
answer
The ocean basins are relatively young; most ocean basin rocks and sediments are Cretaceous or younger in age.
question
Which two scientists proved that a symmetrical magnetic pattern existed in seafloor basalts and related those stripes to spreading at a mid-oceanic ridge?
answer
Vine and Matthews
question
What is the typical rate of seafloor spreading in the Atlantic Ocean?
answer
2 centimeters per year
question
Which scientist argued forcefully for continental drift in the early part of the 20th century?
answer
Alfred Wegner
question
The former, late Paleozoic supercontinent is known as __________.
answer
Pangea
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