Chapter 6: Medicine - Terminology

Surface elevations of the tongue that perceive taste are called: a. rugae. b. buccae. c. papillae. d. chyme. e. stoma.

Bile is produced in the: a. pancreas. b. gallbladder. c. stomach. d. liver. e. duodenum.

The structure that lies beneath the hard enamel surface of the tooth is called the: a. dentin. b. gingiva. c. soft palate. d. uvula. e. bolus.

The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas play a vital role in: a. secreting hormones. b. absorbing water. c. absorbing minerals. d. digestion and absorption of nutrients. e. process of mastication.

What is an important function of the liver? a. Produces insulin b. Maintains glucose levels in the blood c. Produces thyroxine d. Secretes estrogen e. Secretes testosterone

What section of the large intestine is associated with the appendix? a. Stomach b. Cecum c. Rectum d. Anus e. Sigmoid colon

What section of the large intestine is associated with the liver? a. Hepatic flexure b. Ascending colon c. Descending colon d. Sigmoid colon e. Transverse colon

Which structure has respiratory and digestive functions? a. Tongue b. Uvula c. Trachea d. Esophagus e. Pharynx

The lower esophageal sphincter is also known as the: a. pyloric sphincter. b. fundus. c. cardiac sphincter. d. longitudinal folds. e. longitudinal sphincter.

Fingerlike projections in the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream are called: a. villi. b. omenta. c. gingivae. d. stomata. e. papillae.

Which is an accessory organ of digestion? a. Stomach b. Colon c. Ileum d. Liver e. Spleen

The progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body is called: a. perineum. b. periosteum. c. peristalsis. d. anastomosis. e. stomatosis.

Mucosal folds in the stomach wall are called: a. sphincters. b. fundi. c. villi. d. rugae. e. papillae.

Blood proteins, such as prothrombin, are produced by the: a. pancreas. b. cystic duct. c. pylorus. d. stomach. e. liver.

When bile is needed for digestion, the gallbladder releases it into the duodenum through the: a. lymph duct. b. venous duct. c. common bile duct. d. pancreatic duct. e. hepatic duct.

The combining form (CF) proct/o means: a. colon. b. small intestine. c. appendage. d. anus, rectum. e. duodenum.

The CF cholecyst/o means: a. gallstone. b. gallbladder. c. bile vessel. d. bile duct. e. bladder swelling.

The CF choledoch/o means: a. bile vessel. b. gallbladder. c. bladder duct. d. bile duct. e. hepatic duct.

The CFs col/o and colon/o mean: a. stomach. b. small intestine. c. colon. d. appendices. e. rectum.

The CFs or/o and stomat/o mean: a. teeth. b. mouth. c. opening. d. tongue. e. throat.

The CF odont/o means: a. teeth. b. gum(s). c. lip. d. mouth. e. tongue.

The CF cholangi/o means: a. bile vessel. b. bile duct. c. bile drainage. d. bile structure. e. bile tumor.

The CF chol/e means: a. liver secretion. b. pancreatic production. c. gallbladder secretion. d. gallbladder drainage. e. bile, gall.

The suffix -emesis means: a. swallowing. b. ingestion. c. blood condition. d. digestion. e. vomiting.

The suffix -prandial means: a. enlargement. b. meal. c. vomit. d. gall. e. expansion.

The suffix -pepsia means: a. anorexic. b. eating, swallowing. c. digestion. d. meal. e. appetite.

The suffix -orexia means: a. disease. b. digestion. c. swallowing. d. appetite. e. discharge.

The suffix -rrhea means: a. discharge, flow. b. eating. c. vomiting. d. through, across. e. disease.

The prefix dia- means: a. through, across. b. in front. c. beside. d. in back. e. behind.

The prefix peri- means: a. upon. b. across. c. behind. d. in front. e. around.

What does the term congenital hernia mean? a. Hernia caused during puberty b. Hernia present because of obstruction c. Hernia present at birth d. Hernia caused by infection e. Hernia present in pregnant women

When the blood supply to a herniated structure is cut off, the hernia is said to be: a. anemic. b. strangulated. c. congenital. d. inguinal. e. umbilical.

An ulcer that produces a hole in the stomach wall is known as what kind of ulcer? a. Acute b. Chronic c. Pyloric d. Perforated e. Congenital

General lack of nutrition and wasting occurring in the course of a chronic disease is called: a. bulimia. b. dyspepsia. c. enteritis. d. cachexia. e. diverticulosis.

Which term means foul-smelling breath? a. Halitus b. Ascites c. Deglutition d. Cachexia e. Halitosis

The word eupepsia refers to: a. difficult digestion. b. rapid digestion. c. abnormally slow digestion. d. normal digestion. e. digestive disorders.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is also known as: a. borborygmus. b. spastic colon. c. colonalgia. d. colonic irrigation. e. coloptosis.

Difficult or painful swallowing is called: a. borborygmus. b. dysphagia. c. cachexia. d. dyspepsia. e. regurgitation.

What is the disorder that causes telescoping of the intestine? a. Intestinal ballooning b. Intussusception c. Diverticulosis d. Volvulus e. Hernial enteroscopy

Downward displacement of internal organs is called: a. visceropexy. b. Crohn disease. c. ascites. d. visceroptosis. e. borborygmus.

Protrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it is called: a. reflux. b. perforation. c. volvulus. d. diverticulosis. e. hernia.

What is a life-threatening obstruction in which the bowel twists on itself? a. Volvulus b. Intussusception c. Ischemia d. Peritonitis e. Hernia

A gastric ulcer is also known as a(n): a. duodenal ulcer. b. esophageal ulcer. c. hepatic ulcer. d. cystic ulcer. e. peptic ulcer.

Loss of appetite is also called: a. bulimia. b. anorexia. c. ascites. d. obstipation. e. aerophagia.

An accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity is called: a. anorexia. b. edema. c. ascites. d. bulimia. e. flatus.

A condition of stones in the common bile duct is called: a. cholangiectasis. b. cholecystopathy. c. choledocholithiasis. d. choledochal. e. cholelith.

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract is called: a. Graves disease. b. colonic polyposis. c. dysentery. d. Crohn disease. e. diarrhea.

Black tarry stool is called: a. steatorrhea. b. melanoma. c. melena. d. mucus. e. steatoma.

Jaundice is caused by excessive levels of: a. saliva. b. chyme. c. gastric acid. d. insulin. e. bilirubin.

Which is a term that means stricture or narrowing of the rectum? a. Rectodynia. b. Rectoplasty. c. Rectospasm. d. Rectopexy. e. Rectostenosis.

Crohn disease is a bowel disorder that is also known as: a. diarrhea. b. volvulus. c. ischemia. d. melena. e. regional enteritis.

Acute gastritis or peptic ulcer may cause: a. diarrhea. b. sialorrhea. c. hyperemesis. d. cholemesis. e. hematemesis.

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by infected blood? a. Crohn disease b. Pancreatitis c. Hematemesis d. Hepatitis B e. Mycosis

Bleeding gums is a primary symptom of: a. gingivitis. b. sialitis. c. esophagitis. d. stomatitis. e. periodontitis.

Inflammation of the lips is called: a. gingivitis. b. stomatitis. c. pharyngitis. d. sialitis. e. cheilitis.

Surgical connection of two tubular structures is called: a. colostomy. b. obstipation. c. peristalsis. d. ileostomy. e. anastomosis.

What is the term for a group of procedures used to treat morbid obesity? a. Gastrostomy b. Gastrectomy c. Enterostomy d. Bariatric surgery e. Nuclear procedures

Suture of the second portion of the small intestine is known as: a. enterorrhaphy. b. ileorrhaphy. c. duodenorrhaphy. d. jejunorrhaphy. e. colorrhaphy.

What is the term for the diagnostic procedure to examine the rectum and the anal canal? a. Sigmoidoscopy b. Colonoscopy c. Enteroscopy d. Coloscopy e. Proctoscopy

What instrument is used to perform a lower GI endoscopy? a. Esophagoscope b. Gastroscope c. Colonoscope d. Enteroscope e. Duodenoscope

Structural abnormalities of the esophagus may be diagnosed by endoscopy of the: a. lower GI tract. b. rectum. c. small intestine. d. upper GI tract. e. sigmoid colon.

What is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce an image of the liver, gallbladder, or pancreas? a. Magnetic resonance imaging b. CT scan c. Radiograph d. Ultrasonography e. Nuclear scan

Which instrument is used to perform a gastroscopy? a. Sigmoidoscope b. Flexible, fiberoptic scope c. Colonoscope d. Fluoroscopic scope e. Esophagoscope

The procedure that takes radiographic images of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast medium is called: a. barium swallow. b. choledochocystography. c. cholecystography. d. sialography. e. cholangiography.

Which of the following specialists is correctly matched with the procedures they perform? a. A periodontist straightens teeth. b. A gastrologist treats gingivitis. c. A cardiologist treats muscular disorders. d. An orthodontist treats tooth pain. e. An enterologist treats diseases of the intestinal tract.

An imaging technique that uses a contrast medium to reveal gallstones or other obstruction in the bile ducts is called: a. cholangiography. b. EGD. c. barium swallow. d. BE. e. nuclear scan.

Which test identifies microorganisms or parasites present in feces? a. Serum bilirubin b. Stool culture c. LFT d. Stool guaiac e. Hemoccult

Gastroplasty is a type of surgery to treat: a. polyps. b. hernias. c. ruptures. d. obesity. e. infections.

Which test detects the presence of occult (hidden) blood in feces? a. Bilirubin b. Serum panel c. Parasite test d. Stool guaiac e. Endoscopy

The endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine is called: a. esophagogastroscopy. b. gastroduodenoesophagoscopy. c. esophagogastroduodenoscopy. d. gastroenteroscopy. e. colonofibroscopy.

Which blood test is used to confirm the specific virus causing hepatitis? a. Bilirubin test b. CBC c. Liver function test d. Hepatitis panel e. WBC

Which endoscopic procedure is used to determine the presence of polyps in the colon? a. Duodenoscopy b. Lower GI c. Upper GI d. Gastroscopy e. Jejunoscopy

Which laboratory test is used to establish cirrhosis associated with heavy alcohol use? a. Liver function test b. Serum bilirubin c. Hematocrit d. CBC e. Blood culture

Which physician specializes in treatment of the gums? a. Orthodontist b. Pedodontist c. Periodontist d. Dentist e. Endodontist

Which medical specialty is concerned with digestive disorders? a. Pulmonology b. Gastroenterology c. Endocrinology d. Oncology e. Dermatology

Which noninvasive procedure uses shock waves to break up stones in the biliary ducts? a. Lithectomy b. Cholelithectomy c. Lithotomy d. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy e. Choledocholithotomy

Backflow (reflux) of gastric contents into the esophagus is abbreviated as: a. IBS. b. CF. c. LES. d. GERD. e. PUD.

Which abbreviation means pertaining to the stomach and intestine? a. GER b. GI c. GERD d. GB e. EGI

Metamucil is used to treat: a. spasms. b. constipation c. loose stools. d. nausea. e. vomiting.

Antiemetics are prescribed to: a. relieve diarrhea. b. decrease gastrointestinal spasms. c. treat constipation. d. control nausea and vomiting. e. relieve indigestion.

The route of nutrition or medication administered through a tube inserted through the nose and into the stomach is charted as: a. NPC. b. NPO. c. NG. d. NS. e. RS.

Which medication is administered to control nausea and vomiting? a. Antiemetic b. Antacid c. Antidiarrheal d. Antispasmodic e. Laxative

Which medication is administered to control heartburn and acid reflux? a. Antispasmodic b. Antiemetic c. Antiseptic d. Antacid e. Antihistamine

A series of radiographic images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine is abbreviated as: a. UGIS. b. GI. c. GBS. d. GB. e. GERD.

An MRI that visualizes the biliary and pancreatic ducts and gallbladder is abbreviated as: a. ESWL. b. CT. c. EUS. d. MRCP. e. GBS.

The blood test that evaluates liver injury and function is abbreviated as: a. LGI. b. UGIS. c. HAV. d. LFT. e. HDV.

T/F: Steatorrhea is another term for fatty stools.

T/F: Incontinence is the inability to control bowel movements.

T/F: Melena refers to light-colored feces that contain pus.

T/F: Cirrhosis is a chronic pancreatic disease.

T/F: Obstipation is the term for severe constipation.

T/F: Crohn disease is also known as regional enteritis.

T/F: Cachexia is a disorder in which a person gains excessive weight.

T/F: Colorectal cancer usually arises from the epithelial lining of the large intestine.

T/F: Peptic ulcer disease may occur in the sigmoid colon.

T/F: Proctoplasty is the surgical repair of the rectum.

T/F: Anastomosis is a procedure to remove polyps from a vessel.

T/F: A large-bore needle may be used to remove a core of tissue from the liver.

T/F: stool guaiac is used to detect the presence of blood in feces.

T/F: Colostomies are performed to divert fecal flow to a bag on the outside of the body.

T/F: Antispasmodics are prescribed for irritable bowel syndrome and diverticulitis.

T/F: Laxatives increase peristaltic activity in the large intestine and are used to induce defecation.

T/F: Antidiarrheals control loose stools by absorbing excess water in the bowel.

T/F: Antacids are never prescribed to prevent heartburn.

T/F: The abbreviation EUS means endoscopic ultrasonography.

T/F: some emetics act by hastening movement of food through the urinary tract.

tongue

mouth

gums

teeth

throat

bile vessel

stomach

gallbladder

liver

intestine (usually small)

bile, gall

anus, rectum

ileum

saliva, salivary gland

jejunum

appendix

sigmoid colon

pancreas

duodenum

lip

cheek

yellow

pylorus

bile duct

colon

esophagus

enlarged, twisted varicose vein in the rectal region

circumscribed lesion of the skin or mucous membrane

protrusion of any organ or structure through the wall of the cavity in which it is naturally contained

yellowing of the skin caused by hepatitis

condition in which small, blister-like pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine

lack or loss of appetite resulting in the inability to eat

accumulation of serous fluid of the abdomen caused by a disease

gurgling noises that are audible at a distance caused by passage of gas through the intestine

chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract

inflammation of the intestine caused by ingesting water of food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, or parasites that results in bloody diarrhea

epigastric discomfort felt after eating; also called indigestion

abdominal pain and altered bowel function for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon

passage of dark-colored, tarry stools resulting from the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices

presence or formation of gallstones

visual examination of a cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument

radiographic examination of the rectum and colon after administration of a contrast medium into the rectum

radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of a contrast medium

surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

agents that neutralize stomach acid

agents that control nausea and vomiting

agents used to treat constipation

severe constipation that may be caused by obstruction

expelling of air from a body orifice, especially from the anus

physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass

act of swallowing

passage of fat in feces, commonly from lack of bile acids or malabsorption by the intestines

excision (partial or total) of the colon

instrument to examine the colon

herniation of the rectum

inflammation of the appendix

without an appetite

visual examination within (an organ or cavity)

discharge or flow through (the bowel)

excessive vomiting

bad, painful, or difficult digestion

abnormal condition (produced by something specified) of gallstones

disease of the stomach

enlargement of the liver

instrument to examine the esophagus

excision of the gums

incision of the duodenum

surgical repair of a bile duct

suture of a bile duct

forming an opening between the stomach and the jejunum

inflammation of the gallbladder

prolapse or downward displacement of the colon

excision (partial or total) of the stomach

inflammation of the small intestine

visual examination of the colon

process of recording (radiography of) the gallbladder

excision of poylp(s)