Mastering Biology Chapter 3

Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is false? A) Hydrocarbons consist of atoms linked by single or double bonds. B) Hydrocarbons can form straight, branched, or ringed structures. C) Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. D) Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds.

Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false? A) Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms. B) Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive branched or unbranched "carbon skeletons." C) Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds. D) Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds.

Organic compounds...

Two molecules are structural molecules. The difference between them is...

Which of the following statements about carbon skeletons is true? A) Carbon skeletons may be arranged in rings. B) Carbon skeletons are always linear and never branched. C) Carbon skeletons only contain double bonds. D) The length of carbon skeletons is always the same; it is the attachments that differentiate molecules.

Which element is closely associated with the field of organic chemistry?

What are the differences between carboxyl, methyl and carbonyl groups?

A hydroxyl group is

Which of the following is a carboxyl group?

Which of the following is an amino group?

Which of the following statements about the functional groups of organic compounds is false?

Although the structures of the functional groups important to life (hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, and phosphate) vary in chemical structure, they share one thing in common: They _____.

Dehydration reactions __________. They do so by __________.

Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false?

The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by

What is the general function of enzymes within a cell?

Lactose is a disaccharide (two monosaccharides joined together). To metabolize lactose, individuals require an enzyme known as lactase. What is true about this reaction?

The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multiple of

Which of the following molecules is a carbohydrate? A) C22H49O10N5 B) C45H84O8P4 C) C60H100O50 D) C51H98O6

Carbohydrates are mainly used in our bodies _____.

Which of the following sugars CAN be accurately represented by the formula C6H12O6?

A disaccharide forms when

High-fructose corn syrup is made from corn. The main carbohydrate in corn is a polysaccharide called

The production of high fructose corn syrup involves the hydrolysis of __________ from corn into __________, followed by its enzymatic conversion.

Cellulose differs from starch in that

Which of the following foods would contain the most starch? A) celery B) steak C) liver D) carrots

The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants.

Generally, animals cannot digest the linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cows get enough nutrients from eating grass?

When you eat a plant, you derive energy from the stored __________, but not from the __________ component.

Double bonds are present in the majority of the fats of which of the following foods? A) eggs B) peanuts C) lard D) margarine

What combination of fatty acids could you use to make a fat that is liquid at room temperature?

The oil and vinegar in your salad dressing remain separate from one another due to the _____ properties of the oil.

An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by

Fatty acids are

What feature of fats makes them hydrophobic?

Lipids differ from other large biological molecules in that they _____.

A fatty acid containing at least one double bond is called _____.

The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _____.

Cholesterol belongs to which class of molecules?

Which statement correctly describes bonds of the secondary structure of proteins?

The primary structure of a protein is

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to

A protein containing more than one polypeptide chain exhibits the ________ level of protein structure.

Which of the following would be affected when a protein is denatured?

Two proteins have the same number and type of amino acids. How is it that they can have different shapes and therefore different functions?

DNA carries the instructions for building _____, and these instructions are found in informational units called _____.

How are genes used by cells to build proteins?

In DNA, the code letters are A, T, G, and C, which stand for the chemicals adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, respectively. What pairs with what?

A DNA nucleotide is composed of a __________.

When an RNA strand forms using DNA as a template, _____.

DNA differs from RNA because DNA

What is the complementary sequence to the DNA strand TCGATGG?

A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture _____.