Chapter 28: Pregnant And Human Devlopment

25 July 2022
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question
Once sperm are deposited into the vagina, sperm motility must be enhanced and they must be prepared to release hydrolytic enzymes from their acrosomes. What is this process called?
answer
capacitation
question
Which of the following occurs 21-30 weeks into pregnancy, during the fetal period?
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Blood cell production in the bone marrow.
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Proteases and acrosin are enzymes. How do they function in reproduction?
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They act to break down the protective barriers around the egg, allowing the sperm to penetrate.
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Select the correct statement about fertilization.
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Millions of sperm cells are destroyed by the vagina's acidic environment.
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T/F A zygote is usually formed within the uterus.
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False
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Together, what do the decidua basalis and the chorionic villi form?
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placenta
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T/F Implantation begins six to seven days after ovulation
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True
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Which germ layer gives rise to the nervous system?
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ectoderm
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Which of the following INCORRECTLY matches an embryonic structure with its function?
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yolk sac: provides nutrients to developing embryo
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Muscle tissue is formed by the ________.
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mesoderm
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T/F Of the three germ layers, the mesoderm forms the most body parts.
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True
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Which fetal vascular shunt directly connects the right atrium to the left atrium so as to bypass the nonfunctional lungs?
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foramen ovale
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What does the hormone relaxin promote?
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Relaxin promotes the widening and increased flexibility of the pelvic ligaments and pubic symphysis.
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Because of the increased bulkiness of the anterior abdomen and the change in a pregnant woman's center of gravity, what type of spinal curvature do many pregnant women develop?
answer
excessive lordosis of the lumbar spine
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Which of the following is the primary germ layer that forms the basis for the musculoskeletal system?
answer
mesoderm
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Which of the following occurs 9-12 weeks into pregnancy, during the fetal period?
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Sex is readily detected by observing the genitals.
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Teratogens may cause anatomical abnormalities in an embryo, but do not cause anatomical abnormalities in a pregnant woman because ______.
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organogenesis does not occur in an adult
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Which body system of a pregnant woman undergoes the most dramatic physiological changes during pregnancy?
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cardiovascular system
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What role does oxytocin play in promoting labor?
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Oxytocin stimulates the uterus to contract.
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T/F The placenta and its attached fetal membranes are collectively called the afterbirth.
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True
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What does the ductus arteriosus become at birth?
answer
ligamentum arteriosum
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During pregnancy, which hormone is responsible for stimulating maturation of the breast for lactation?
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human placental lactogen (hPL)
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Cleavage
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Leads to the development of a morula and then a blastocyst.
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Implantation
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Embedding of the blastocyst in the uterine wall.
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Fertilization
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Leads to the formation of the first cell of the new individual.
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Gastrulation
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Leads to the establishment of the three primary germ layers.
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Capacitation
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Leads to enhancement of sperm motility and increasing membrane fragility to enable enzyme release from acrosomes.