Exam 1 2016

25 July 2022
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question
Erection of the penis results from ________. A) a sympathetic reflex B) parasympathetic activation of the bulbourethral glands C) dilation of the veins in the penis D) a parasympathetic reflex
answer
a parasympathetic reflex
question
During which stage of labor is the fetus delivered? A) dilation stage B) gastrula stage C) expulsion stage D) placental stage
answer
expulsion stage
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The placenta, a vitally important metabolic organ, is made up of a contribution from mother and fetus. Which portion is from the fetus? A) amnion B) chorion C) yolk sac D) umbilicus
answer
chorion
question
Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle. A) High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release. B) Rising levels of estrogen start follicle development. C) The follicle begins to secrete progesterone in response to estrogen stimulation. D) The LH surge stimulates further development of the secondary oocyte.
answer
High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release.
question
The primary function of the uterus is to ________. A) regulate the ovarian and menstrual cycles B) protect the ovaries C) receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum D) synthesize female hormones
answer
receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum
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Derivatives of the endoderm include ________. A) synovial membranes of the joints B) organs of the urogenital system C) epithelium of the respiratory tract D) blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissue
answer
epithelium of the respiratory tract
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During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle ____. A) LH reaches its highest levels B) the Graafian follicle forms C) progesterone levels are at their highest D) estrogen reaches its highest levels
answer
progesterone levels are at their highest
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Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins? A) LH B) GnRH C) FSH D) testosterone
answer
GnRH
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Muscle tissue is formed by the ________. A) mesoderm B) epiderm C) ectoderm D) endoderm
answer
mesoderm
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The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ________. A) the mature ovum is n, while the sperm is 2n B) spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis, but oogenesis involves meiosis only C) during spermatogenesis two more polar bodies are produced D) in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell
answer
in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell
question
Estrogen and progesterone maintain the integrity of the uterine lining and prepare the mammary glands to secrete milk. Which of the following structures makes this possible during the first three months of pregnancy? A) the amnion B) corona radiate C) corpus luteum D) the chorion
answer
corpus luteum
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Which of the following will occur after ovulation? A) The endometrium enters its secretory phase. B) The corpus luteum prepares to become a corpus albicans. C) The corpus luteum secretes estrogen only. D) The secretion of anterior pituitary gonadotropins is enhanced.
answer
The endometrium enters its secretory phase.
question
Secretion of progesterone stimulates ________. A) proliferation of the uterine myometrium B) contraction of uterine muscles C) preparation of the mammary glands for lactation D) development of the female secondary sex characteristics
answer
preparation of the mammary glands for lactation
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Which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum? A) labia majora B) vagina C) clitoris D) labia minora
answer
labia majora
question
All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except ________. A) a decrease in the levels of ovarian hormones signals menstruation B) the corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation C) FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium D) estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the follicular phase of the cycle
answer
FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium
question
Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process is not true? A) Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tube. B) Ovulation usually occurs 14 days after the beginning of menses. C) Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin. D) The monthly discharge of the uterus (menses) is initiated by the decrease in secretion of female hormones.
answer
Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin.
question
Spermatogenesis ________. A) involves a kind of cell division limited to the gametes B) uses mitosis to produce gamete cells C) is the process of releasing mature sperm cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule D) results in the formation of diploid cells
answer
involves a kind of cell division limited to the gametes
question
Which of the following is not a correct matching of a fetal structure with what it becomes at birth? A) foramen ovale fossa ovalis B) umbilical arteries medial umbilical ligament C) ductus arteriosus ligamentum teres D) ductus venosus ligamentum venosum
answer
ductus arteriosus ligamentum teres
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What destroys the sperm receptors on the surface of the oocyte? A) zonal inhibiting proteins B) the acrosomal reaction C) human placental lactogen D) the process of capacitation
answer
zonal inhibiting proteins
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The decidua basalis is ________. A) located between the developing embryo and the myometrium B) not a maternal contribution to the placenta C) the tissue that surrounds the uterine cavity face of the implanted embryo D) destined to remain in the uterus after the birth of the infant
answer
located between the developing embryo and the myometrium
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Which of the following is not a germ layer? A) mesoderm B) endoderm C) ectoderm D) epiderm
answer
epiderm
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Select the correct statement about the special fetal blood vessels. A) The distal parts of the umbilical arteries form the superior vesical arteries. B) The hepatic portal vein forms from the umbilical artery. C) The umbilical vein becomes the ligamentum teres. D) The fossa ovalis becomes the foramen ovale.
answer
The umbilical vein becomes the ligamentum teres.
question
Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is not true? A) The spermatogonium forms the primary spermatocyte. B) Each spermatid forms two sperm. C) The primary spermatocyte forms two secondary spermatocytes. D) The secondary spermatocytes each form two spermatids.
answer
Each spermatid forms two sperm.
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Which male hormone inhibits the secretion of FSH? A) ICSH B) GnRH C) inhibin D) ACTH
answer
inhibin
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The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________. A) smoking B) sexually transmitted infections C) undescended testes D) a diet high in fat
answer
undescended testes
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The duct system of the male reproductive system includes all but which of the following? A) ductus deferens B) epididymis C) corpus spongiosum D) urethra
answer
corpus spongiosum
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Select the correct statement about fertilization. A) If estrogen is present, the pathway through the cervical opening is blocked from sperm entry. B) Millions of sperm cells are destroyed by the vagina's acidic environment. C) Once inside the uterus, most sperm cells are protected and remain viable. D) Both spermatozoa and the ovulated secondary oocyte remain viable for about 72 hours in the female reproductive tract.
answer
Millions of sperm cells are destroyed by the vagina's acidic environment.
question
A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he would ________. A) not develop secondary sex characteristics B) be unable to produce viable sperm C) be impotent (unable to have an erection) D) have impaired function of interstitial cells
answer
be unable to produce viable sperm
question
Spermiogenesis involves the ________. A) sequence of events in the rete testis B) movement of sperm in the female genital tract C) formation of four haploid cells from a spermatogonium D) formation of a functional sperm by the stripping away of superfluous cytoplasm
answer
formation of a functional sperm by the stripping away of superfluous cytoplasm
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Which of the following glands are responsible for 70% of the synthesis of semen? A) the bulbourethral glands B) the prostate C) the seminal vesicles D) the pituitary
answer
the seminal vesicles
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A premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall is called ________. A) ectopic pregnancy B) abrupto placenta C) placenta cleavage D) placenta previa
answer
abrupto placenta
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Neural tissue is formed by the ________. A) epiderm B) endoderm C) mesoderm D) ectoderm
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ectoderm
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Effects of estrogen include ________. A) deepening of the voice B) growth of the breasts at puberty C) growth of the larynx D) increased oiliness of the skin
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growth of the breasts at puberty
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Which of the following is not assessed as part of the Apgar score? A) temperature B) respiration C) muscle tone D) heart rate
answer
temperature
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Which of the following occurs as a result of undescended testes? A) Sperm will have no means of exit from the body. B) Male sex hormones will not be circulated in the body. C) Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced. D) Inadequate blood supply will retard the development of the testes.
answer
Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced.
question
The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the ________. A) fimbriae B) Graafian follicles C) fallopian tubes D) infundibula
answer
fallopian tubes
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The testicular cells that construct the blood-testis barrier are the ________. A) interstitial cells B) sustentocytes C) spermatocytes D) spermatogonia
answer
sustentocytes
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The result of polyspermy in humans is ________. A) multiple births B) mitotic insufficiency C) a nonfunctional zygote D) interruption of meiosis
answer
a nonfunctional zygote
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Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise? A) One is an undeveloped primary oocyte that failed to mature. B) What you really see are two polar bodies and the sperm that will fertilize the egg. C) There were originally four polar bodies and one disappeared. D) The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies.
answer
The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies.
question
Which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle? A) corpus luteum B) vesicular follicle growth C) late in this phase, cervical mucus becomes thin and crystalline D) development of endometrial cells
answer
corpus luteum
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The correct sequence of preembryonic structures is ________. A) morula, zygote, blastocyst B) blastocyst, morula, zygote C) zygote, blastocyst, morula D) zygote, morula, blastocyst
answer
zygote, morula, blastocyst
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Normally menstruation occurs when ________. A) blood levels of FSH fall off B) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease C) the corpus luteum secretes estrogen D) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase
answer
blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease
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The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to ________. A) gravity B) enzymatic activity C) hormonal action D) peristaltic contractions
answer
peristaltic contractions
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Which of the following is not usually considered a teratogen? A) thalidomide B) wine C) German measles D) aspirin
answer
aspirin
question
Prostate cancer is ________. A) most common in Asians B) sometimes a slow-growing cancer that may never represent a threat to the patient C) the number-one cause of death in men D) often the result of a distortion of the urethra
answer
sometimes a slow-growing cancer that may never represent a threat to the patient
question
The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________. A) spermatocytes B) sustentacular cells C) interstitial endocrine cells D) spermatogonia
answer
interstitial endocrine cells
question
Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle. A) During the proliferative phase, levels of progesterone rise as the follicle begins to produce more hormone. B) If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo. C) The menstrual phase of the cycle is normally from day 1 to day 8. D) During the secretory phase, estrogen levels are at their highest.
answer
If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo.
question
Sperm move to the uterine tube through uterine contractions and the energy of their own flagella. What other factor is involved in sperm movement? A) the increased temperature in the vagina, which stimulates sperm motility B) hormonal attraction to the ova C) reverse peristalsis of the uterus and uterine tubes D) the cilia on the apex of the cells lining the endometrium
answer
reverse peristalsis of the uterus and uterine tubes
question
Select the correct statement about male sexual response. A) Expansion of the penile tissues results in dilation of the venous outflow. B) Ejaculation is the result of parasympathetic stimulation. C) Sympathetic impulses are responsible for causing penile arteriolar dilation, resulting in erection. D) Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues filling with blood.
answer
Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues filling with blood.
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The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to the next is maintained through ________. A) DNA synthesis B) cytokinesis C) mitosis D) meiosis
answer
meiosis
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The "master switch" for male reproductive development is ________. A) lack of an X chromosome B) the SRY gene C) presence of testosterone D) inhibition of estrogen
answer
the SRY gene
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Fertilization generally occurs in the ________. A) uterus B) ovary C) vagina D) fallopian tubes
answer
fallopian tubes
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Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously? A) regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian progesterone secretion B) maximal steroid secretion by the corpus luteum and menstruation C) early follicular development and the secretory phase in the uterus D) maximal LH secretion and menstruation
answer
regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian progesterone secretion
question
Which of these statements about sexually transmitted infections is false? A) Gonorrhea is caused by a bacterium that can bring on painful discharges in males. B) Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated. C) Genital herpes is caused by a virus that may cause intermittent lesions. D) Chlamydia is caused by bacteria that can often be asymptomatic or bring on a wide variety of symptoms.
answer
Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated.