Chapter 22-Give Me Liberty

Policy initiated by Hoover and formalized by FDR that was against the intervention in the internal affairs of Latin American Countries. Led to US leaving Haiti and Nicaragua, and repealing the Platt Amendment. Was focussed on Business's of American companies abroad.

Province of Northern china that in 1931 was invaded by Japan, who sought to expand their military and economic powers. Japan would eventually use this to farther move into china and kill 300,000 Chinese POWs

Demilitarized zone between France and Germany that was invaded by Adolf Hitler. This was a violation of the Treaty of Versailles. Rich in natural resources.

Was invaded and conquered by Italy lead by Benito Mussolini.

Led an uprising in Spain with the help of Hitler sending in new weapons. Uprising began in 1936, won in 1939 establishing a fascist government.

Policy followed by FDR, Britain and France. Followed Hitlers demands in the hopes that agreeing to them would prevent a war.

1938 conference where European leaders gave Hitler Sudetenland in return for him promising to stop his conquering of Europe.

Territory that Hitler received as a result of the Munich Conference.

Policy that dominated congress in the 1930s. Was the desire to avoid foreign conflicts. Wanted the US to keep to themselves

Tens of thousands of students took part in this. Was the spread of pacifism (against war) on college campuses all across the country. Students stopped going to classes.

Part of US policy of isolationism, banned the travel on belligerents ships couldn't lend them money and the sales of arms to countries at war. Congress hoped that this would keep the United States out of war.

The US refused to supply either side with weapons during the Spanish Civil War. As a result over 3,000 americans volunteered to defend the Spanish Government

Pact in 1939, was an agreement between Russia and Germany for nonaggression. Immediately after this was signed Germany invaded Poland.

Lightning warfare done by the Nazis

Alliance between Germany, Italy and Japan

From 1940-1941 was a series of deadly attacks launched on London and other cities by the German Air Force. Was eventually turned back by the British Air Force.

US policy of agreeing to sell arms to British as long as its paid for in Cash and they are transported in British ships. Brought us closer to joining the war.

Anti War committee that had hundreds of thousands of members and leaders like Henry Ford, Father Coughlin and Charles A. Lindbergh

Passed by congress in 1941. Said US could give Britian and other allies Military aid as long as they promised to pay it back after the war. Used by US to funnel billions to Britain Soviets China.

Created in 1941 by refugees from Germany and other occupied countries, and Americans who sought to bring the US into the war. Saw WWII as a battle between Totalalism and democracy

Republican candidate against FDR in the election 1940. Lost but also helped with Freedom House

Organization that had university presidents ministers, & businessman. Saw WWII as a struggle between dictatorship and the free world and wanted the US to enter the war. Organized the Fight for Freedom at Madision Square Garden. Eleanor Roosevelt and Wendell Willkie were part of this. Bipartisan support

US naval base in Hawaii that was bombed the the Japenesse on December 7th, 1941. Over 2000 Americans would die. America responded by declaring war against japan. American people shocked, leaders not as shocked.

Congresswoman from Montana. First Woman in congress, voted against WWI, would lose seat, Only one who opposed entering WWII lost seat

Occurred in the Philippines. Japanese forced 78,000 American and Filipino troops to lay down weapons and march many miles to Prisoner of War camps. Many died on this journey.

Battle where German Submarines sank hundreds of Allied merchant and naval vessels. Went on for many months.

Battle in May of 1942, American navy turned back a Japanese fleet that was going to attack Australia. Seen as a turn in the tide.

U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942.

United States's military strategy in the pacific. Going from Island to Island trying to get to Japan. Wanted to get close enough to Japan so they could go there, drop bombs and get back on one tank of gas.

Lead by Dwight D. Eisenhower. Was a battle where over 200,000 American, British and Canadian Soldiers landed on Normandy in Northwestern France. More than 1 million troops followed them ashore in the following weeks. Within 2 months, paris had been freed from the Germans who retreated eastward.

Leader of D-Day. He led over 200,000 American, British and Canadian troops.

City located inside Russia on the Volga River. In August of 1942, German armies tried to take this city. Russians surrounded the Germans forcing them to surrender. 800k Germans and 1.2 Million Russians died fighting. When Germans finally surrendered marked a turning point in the war.

Mass extermination of people that Hitler declared undesirable. Slavs, Gypsies, Homosexuals and Jews were killed in Nazi death camps.

While the troops were fighting overseas, FDR created many federal agencies such as the War Production Board, the War Man-Power Commission and the Office of Price Administration

Part of the Home Front Efforts during the war. Set up for factories to produce many weapons and supplies for the war and slowed the production of non essential supplies.

Government agency which successful combatted inflation by fixing price ceilings on commodities and introducing rationing programs during World War II.

Secretary of War during WWII.

Pledge for workers to not strike during WWII so that focus could be on making war supplies. Despite this pledge, many walkouts still occurred.

Freedom from fear, freedom of speech and religion, freedom from want. Spoken by FDR a lot.

supreme court case that ruled that students can not be forced to salute the flag or say the Pledge of Allegiance, because it violates free speech

Created in 1942 to mobilize public opinion. Wanted to make sure americans supported the war. Used radio, film the press and other media. Congress would eliminate most of its funding. Also encouraged Woman to go to work.

Private companies that joined in the effort to promote wartime patriotism. Urged Americans to buy war bonds, guard against military secrets and grow victory gardens

Female industrial labor depicted as muscular and self reliant in a magazine cover by Norman Rockwell.

Stands for Victory in Europe. Was May 8, 1945 when Germany Surrendered WWII, A little more than a week after Hitler took his life, having the allied forces victory in Europe.

Naval battle in the Philippines where the US destroyed most of the naval fleet of the Japanese

Top Secret Program in the United States during WWII to develop a nuclear bomb. Albert Einstein worked on the weapon and they were able to successfully test the bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico. Project was Directed by J Robert Oppenheimer

On August 6, 1945 an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima Japan. Hiroshima was chosen because it had not suffered damage from the war. 70,000 people died. 3 days later a bomb was dropped on Hiroshima killing another 70,000. Japan soon surrendered. The US wanted them to dethrone their emperor.

FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Agreed that after winning the war, the allies would agree to a set of rules. These were that Germany would be divided into occupation zones, free elections in liberated countries, Soviets enter Japan war, Soviets would control South half of Sakhalin island, and the UN would be created.

The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe. Decided to divide up Germany into 4 zones of occupation

Took place in New Hampshire replacing the British Pound with the Dollar as the main currency for International Transactions. Re established the link between the Dollar and Gold and gave other currencies a fixed relationship to the Dollar, also created the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.

Created at the Bretton Woods Conference was a US dominated institution that provided money to developing countries and helped rebuild Europe.

Established by the Bretton Woods Conference, was a Financial Institution that would work to prevent governments from devaluing their currencies to gain an advantage in international trade. This was to prevent another great depression.

Met in Washington DC to determine a sucessor to the League of Nations. Created the United nations, with a General Assembly and Security Council.

Part of the United Nations, works to maintain world peace. Contains six rotating members and 5 permanent members- Britain, China, France, Soviet Union and USA, each permanent member has Veto Powers.

Signed between FDR and Winston Churchill. Promised that the final destruction of the Nazis would result in the people being able to form their governments. Additionally promised that all would have "improved labor standards, economic advancement and social security"

Law passed by congress that provided many services for army soldiers coming home like Jobs, loans, etc