How do plates move at convergent plate boundaries?
answer
The plates move together.
question
How do plates move at transform plate boundaries?
answer
The plates move side by side.
question
In general, where do both earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur?
answer
At divergent and convergent plate boundaries.
question
What forms at divergent plate boundaries?
answer
New oceanic lithosphere.
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In general, where do volcanoes form in subduction zones?
answer
On the overriding plate, away form​ the convergent boundary.
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Why are volcanoes not found at transform boundaries?
answer
Transform boundaries do not cause changes to the pressure, temperature, or composition of the mantle.
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The East African rift is a divergent plate boundary that is splitting the continent of Africa into two pieces. What will eventually form around this divergent boundary?
answer
An ocean.
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What happens when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate?
answer
The oceanic plate is subducted.
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What happens when an oceanic plate meets another oceanic plate?
answer
The older, colder oceanic plate is subducted.
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What happens when a continental plate meets another continental plate?
answer
The two plates are forced upward, and a large mountain range is formed.
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Which of the following features are found at an oceanic-continental convergent plate boundary?
answer
A continental arc, mountains, and trench.
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Which geographic examples below result from ocean-ocean convergence?
answer
Marianas Trench, Aleutian Islands, Japan.
question
What is a seamount?
answer
An active volcano that occurs along the crest of the mid-ocean ridge.
question
What is a tablemount?
answer
A seamount that grew above sea level, experienced wave erosion, and is now inactive.
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Where do coral reefs exist with sea mounts?
answer
In tropical latitudes.
question
Which of the following statements about coral reefs and seamounts is most accurate?
(A) Seamounts at the ocean surface grow towards coral reefs over time.
(B) Coral reefs at the ocean surface grow away from seamounts over time.
(C) Seamounts at the ocean surface grow away from coral reefs over time.
(D) Coral reefs at the ocean surface grow towards seamounts over time.
answer
(B)
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Why do coral reefs at the ocean surface grow away from seamounts over time?
answer
Seamounts subside as tectonic plates move. Coral reefs grow away from the seamount in order to stay near the sunlight.
question
What is the difference between a barrier reef and an atoll?
answer
Barrier reefs surround an inactive volcano emerging above sea level, while atolls surround the previous location of a submerged volcano.
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Which is the correct order of coral reef development near seamounts?
answer
Fringing reef, barrier reef, atoll.
question
Where do mantle plumes originate?
answer
Deep in the mantle, near the core.
question
Why do hotspots result in chains of volcanoes instead of a single volcanic peak?
answer
Because the plate is moving over the hotspot
question
Which volcano would you expect to be the oldest?
answer
The one furthest away from the star.
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Which volcano would you expect to be active?
answer
The one closest to the star.
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Which geographic example below was created by a hotspot?
answer
Hawaii.
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What is the relationship between the crust and the lithosphere?
answer
The crust is part of the lithosphere.
question
Complete this statement: Divergence is to moving away as convergence is to _______.
answer
moving toward
question
Plates move apart at __________ boundaries, move together at __________ boundaries, and move side by side at __________ boundaries.
answer
divergent/convergent/transform
question
Which geologic features are associated with divergent boundaries?
answer
Mid-ocean ridges and continental rift valleys.
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Which geologic features are associated with convergent boundaries?
answer
Ocean trenches and volcanoes.
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Where is the youngest ocean floor found?
answer
Along the crest of mid-ocean ridges
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What would happen to Earth if ocean floor were created at divergent boundaries at a faster rate than it is destroyed at convergent boundaries?
answer
Earth would increase in volume.
question
What is a volcanic arc?
answer
A row of volcanoes that forms on the overriding plate near a subduction zone.
question
Which of the following mountain ranges are examples of continental arcs?
answer
Andes and Cascades.
question
Which type of plate boundary is most closely associated with the formation of new ocean floor?
answer
Divergent.
question
Which of the following statements about Earth's magnetic field is most accurate?
answer
Earth's magnetic field switches polarity at irregular time intervals.
question
How often does the Earth's magnetic field switch polarity?
answer
Every 100,000 to several million years.
question
How are normal polarity and reverse polarity of Earth's magnetic field different?
answer
A compass points toward the North Pole during normal polarity and to the South Pole during reverse polarity.
question
In general, what is our best evidence that the orientation of Earth's magnetic field has changed over time?
answer
A record of Earth's magnetic field is recorded in oceanic rocks, which show a clear pattern of changes in Earth's magnetic polarity.
question
Where would you expect to see alternating bands of rock with different magnetic polarities?
answer
On both sides of the mid-ocean ridge.
question
Transform boundaries are classified under what type of fault?
answer
Strike-slip.
question
What role do transform boundaries play?
answer
Transform boundaries connect other segments of plate boundaries.
question
Do fracture zones near transform boundaries play a role in plate motion?
answer
No; fracture zones play no role in plate motion.
question
What is the relationship between transform boundaries and mid-ocean ridges?
answer
Transform boundaries connect segments of mid-ocean ridges.
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