Chapter 1: Mastering

Which is a pure substance? A) a casserole B) salt water C) water D) apple juice E) coffee

Which is a compound? A) helium B) tin C) silver D) methanol E) sodium

Classify each of the following substances as an element, a compound, or a mixture. A) Flourine, F B) Boron Nitride, BN C) Iron, Fe D) Vinegar E) Hydrogen Peroxide, HOOH

Classify the following as homogeneous or heterogeneous. A) Vodka B) Granite C) Sugar Syrup D) Potato Salad E) Steel

How do solids, liquids, and gases differ? A) a solid has a fixed volume and rigid shape; liquids assume the shape of their container; gases always assume the shape and volume of their container B) in solid matter, atoms or molecules pack close to each other but, they are free to move; in liquid matter, atoms or molecules pack about as closely as they do in solid matter, they are also free to move; in gaseous matter, atoms or molecules have a lot of space between them and are free to move relative to one another C) in solid matter, atoms or molecules pack close to each other in fixed locations; in gases, atoms or molecules pack about as closely as they do in solid matter, but they are free to move; in liquid matter, atoms or molecules have a lot of space between them and are free to move D) a solid has a fixed volume and rigid shape; gases assume the shape of their container; liquids always assume the shape and volume of their container

All substances are either ___ ___ substances or ___.

Mixtures can be separated into their component parts through ___ means.

Pure chemical substances require ___ or ___ reactions to separate them.

Pure chemical substances can be further divided into ___ or ___.

Mixtures can be either ___ or ___.

Homogeneous mixtures are also called ___.

What is the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous mixture? A) A homogeneous mixture has the same composition throughout, while a heterogeneous mixture has different compositions in different regions. B) A homogeneous mixture has different compositions in different regions, while a heterogeneous mixture has the same composition throughout. C) A homogeneous mixture consist of compounds in the same state, while a heterogeneous mixture consist of compounds in different states. D) A homogeneous mixture consist of only one compound, while a heterogeneous mixture consist of two or more compounds.

A sample of seawater consists of water, sodium ions, chloride ions, and several other dissolved salts. These ions and salts are evenly distributed throughout the water. Which term or terms could be used to describe this sample of seawater? A) mixture B) heterogeneous mixture C) homogeneous mixture D) solution E) pure chemical substance F) compound G) element

A sample of pure aluminum that is free of impurities is used to prepare a beverage can. Which term or terms could be used to describe this sample of aluminum? A) mixture B) heterogeneous mixture C) homogeneous mixture D) solution E) pure chemical substance F) compound G) element

A blood sample contains several different types of cells, each of which contains different combinations of specific ions and molecules. The cells are suspended in water, and the water also contains many molecules and ions. Which term or terms could be used to describe this sample of blood? A) mixture B) heterogeneous mixture C) homogeneous mixture D) solution E) pure chemical substance F) compound G) element

A glass jar contains pure sodium chloride. Which term or terms could be used to describe the contents of this glass jar? A) mixture B) heterogeneous mixture C) homogeneous mixture D) solution E) pure chemical substance F) compound G) element

Which of the following describes the properties of solids? A) definite volume and no definite shape B) no definite volume and definite shape C) no definite volume and no definite shape D) definite volume and definite shape

Which of the following are examples of physical change? A) Ice melts. B) Powdered fruit drink is dissolved in water. C) Dry ice sublimes. D) Coffee is brewed. E) All of these are examples of physical change.

Which of the following are examples of a chemical change? A) ethanol evaporates B) charcoal burning C) ice melting D) dry ice sublimes E) All of the above are examples of chemical change.

Which of the following properties of zinc are chemical properties? A)It is a bluish, white-colored metal. B) It has a mass of 65.38 g. C) It burns under a flame giving off zinc oxide fumes. D) It reacts with chlorine to form zinc chloride.

Which of the following properties of a chalk are physical properties? A) When a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid is placed on a piece of a chalk, carbon dioxide escapes. B) It is white in color. C) It is brittle. D) It has a mass of 1.1 g.

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical. A) The liquid propane in a gas grill evaporates because the user left the valve open. B) Natural gas burns in a stove. C) A bicycle frame rusts on repeated exposure to air and water D) The liquid propane in a gas grill burns in a flame

Which of following changes that affect the composition of our atmosphere involve physical changes and which involve chemical reactions? A) Clouds form when water vapor in the air condenses. B) Most of the ozone is created as a byproduct of human-created photochemical smog. C) Water vapor forms frost as the air temperature rises D) Carbon monoxide is produces by the combustion of gasoline. E) Microbes decompose complex organic matter carbon dioxide and methane.

In a laboratory experiment, a fermenting aqueous solution of glucose and yeast produces carbon dioxide gas and ethanol. The solution was heated by burning natural gas in a Bunsen burner to distill the ethanol that formed in the flask. During the distillation, the ethanol evaporated and then condensed in the receiving flask. The flame of the burner was kept too close to the bottom of the flask and some of the glucose decomposed into a black carbon deposit on the inside of the flask. During this experiment the following changes occurred. Which of these changes involved a physical change and not a chemical change? A) formation of a carbon deposit inside the flask B) burning of natural gas C) formation of ethanol from glucose by yeast D) condensation of ethanol E) formation of carbon dioxide gas from glucose F) evaporation of ethanol

Determine the density of an object that has a mass of 149.8 g and displaces 12.1 mL of water when placed in a graduated cylinder. A) 1.38 g/mL B) 11.4 g/mL C) 12.4 g/mL D) 8.08 g/mL E) 18.1 g/mL

What is the volume (in cm3) of a 43.6 g piece of metal with a density of 2.71 g/cm3? A) .425 B) 6.65 C) 16.1 D) 19.5 E) none of the above

A mass of mercury occupies 0.950 L. What volume would an equal mass of ethanol occupy? The density of mercury is 13.546 g/mL and the density of ethanol is 0.789 g/mL. A) 0.0613 L B) 16.3 L C) 0.0553 L D) 18.1 L

If the melting point of vanadium metal is 1910°C, what is its melting point in Kelvin? A) 2183 K B) 1029 K C) 3470 K D) 1637 K

If a solution has a temperature of 255 K, what is its temperature in degrees celsius? A) -18°C B) 355°C C) 491°C D) 528°C E) 123.9°C

Does the mass of the sealed container change upon vaporization? yes no

Does its contents change upon vaporization? yes no

The density of copper decreases as temperature increases (as does the density of most substances). Which change occurs in a sample of copper when it is warmed from room temperature to 95 ∘C? A) The sample contracts. B) The sample becomes heavier. C) The sample becomes lighter. D) The sample expands.

What is a derived unit? A) lb B) g C) kg/mm2 D) km2 E) μm F) m/s

Express the quantity 255076 m in each of the following. A) km B) Mm C) mm D) cm

Glycerol is a syrupy liquid often used in cosmetics and soaps. A 3.25-L sample of pure glycerol has a mass of 4.10×103g. What is the density of glycerol in g/cm3?

Density=

Typical units of density are...

1 mL =

How many significant figures are in the measurement, 0.003800 g? A)4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8

How many significant figures are in 4.930 x 10^4 m? A) 5 B) 4 C) 2 D) 1 E) 3

The correct answer (reported to the proper number of significant figures) to the following is: (1612 - 1501) × (8.56 × 8.86) = ________ A) 8.42×10^3 B) 1.62×10^4 C) 2.09×10^3 D) 1.77×10^5 E) −1.31×10^5

What are the rules for rounding off the results of calculations? A) round up if the last (or left-most) digit dropped is six or more B) round down if the last (or left-most) digit dropped is five or less C) round up if the last (or left-most) digit dropped is five or more D) round down if the last (or left-most) digit dropped is four or less

How many significant figures are in each of the following numbers? A) 0.000312 m B) 312,000 s C) 3.12×105km D) 113,515 m E) 2000

A bakery measured the mass of a whole cake as 0.870 kg. A customer bought one slice of the cake and measured the mass of the slice as 0.1151 kg. What is the mass of the remaining cake, without the one slice? Express your answer in kilograms using the appropriate number of significant figures.

Part complete An unknown object is placed on a balance, which then reads 6.118 g. Its volume is measured to be 3.04 cm3. Find the density of this object by dividing mass by volume. Express your answer in grams per cubic centimeter to the appropriate number of significant figures.

Part complete Convert 3.3 μm to meters. A) 3.3 × 10^6 m B) 3.3 × 10^-3 m C) 3.3 × 10^-6 m D) 3.3 × 10^-9 m

Convert 90 cm3 to m3. A) 9 ×10^−5 m^3 B) 9×10^7 m^3 C) 9×10^−1 m^3 D) 9×10^3 m^3

A fishing boat accidentally spills 3.0 barrels of diesel oil into the ocean. Each barrel contains 42 gallons. If the oil film on the ocean is 2.5 × 102 nm thick, how many square meters will the oil slick cover? A) 1.9 × 106 m2 B) 1.9 × 10-3 m2 C) 1.9 × 107 m2 D) none of these

An infant acetaminophen suspension contains 80 mg/0.80 mL suspension. The recommended dose is 15 mg/kg body weight. How many mL of this suspension should be given to an infant weighing 15 lb ? (Assume two significant figures.)

In Europe, gasoline efficiency is measured in km/L. If your car's gas mileage is 38.0 mi/gal , how many liters of gasoline would you need to buy to complete a 142-km trip in Europe? Use the following conversions: 1km=0.6214mi and 1gal=3.78L. Express your answer numerically in liters.

While in Europe, if you drive 105 km per day, how much money would you spend on gas in one week if gas costs 1.10 euros per liter and your car's gas mileage is 27.0 mi/gal ? Assume that 1euro=1.26dollars. Express your answer numerically in dollars.

Part complete A sprinter set a high school record in track and field, running 200.0 m in 21.7 s . What is the average speed of the sprinter in kilometers per hour? Express your answer numerically in kilometers per hour.

A specific brand of gourmet chocolate candy contains 7.00 g of dietary fat in each 22.7-g piece. How many kilograms of dietary fat are in a box containing 4.00 lb of candy? Express your answer numerically in kilograms.