Matter Chapter 3

a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample (e.g. mass length, height, weight)

indepependent of the amount of matter observed, a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter (e.g. color, density, melting point )

An extensive property is a property that changes when the size of the sample changes. Examples are mass, volume, length. If you have salt, and add more to it then the mass would change. An intensive property doesn't change regardless of the mass of the sample. Think of intensive properties as INdependent, they don't depend on the mass of the sample. Examples are temperature, color, hardness, melting point, boiling point, pressure, molecular weight, and density. If you have one gram of salt, and on the other hand, you have 5 tons of salt, the color does not change. Because intensive properties are sometimes characteristic of a particular material, they can be helpful as clues in identifying unknown substances.

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. (pure substance, mixture)

Pure substance is matter of definite and consistent composition. (element, compound)

Mixture is two or more matter physically blended together. (Heterogeneous, homogeneous)

Element it simplest form of matter with unique properties. (Lithium, Boron)

A mixture that is not uniform in composition, components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture. A pizza is example of a Heterogeneous mixture.

Compound - Chemical bond between two or more elements (NaCl, HCl)

A Mixture that is uniform in composition An example of Homogenous mixture is pop, or kook-aid.

Solids are tightly packed together, barely move, definite volume and shape, not compressible. Liquids are packed together but can slide past one another, definite volume, indefinite shape, not compressible. Gases are constantly in motion, no definite shape or volume, easily compressed.

Physical property deals with the five sense and matter's characteristics. e.g. water and ice look different but can be reversible

Chemical property is how the matter reacts. e.g. rusty nails can't me undo. Once it is rusty it will stay rusty

Physical properties are properties that do not change the nature of matter. Chemical properties are properties that do change the nature of matter. Physical changes are REVERSIBLE. Chemical changes are IRREVERSIBLE. So a rusting nail and making toast would be chemical changes because they are IRREVERSIBLE.

Boiling point PHYSICAL

Combustibility CHEMICAL

Solubility PHYSICAL

Color PHYSICAL

Ductility PHYSICAL

Ductility is the physical property of a material where it is capable of sustaining large permanent changes in shape without breaking. An example is when a piece of metal is drawn into a wire. It is characterized by the internal structure of the material flowing under shear stress. Ductility is the amount that any material yields under shear stress. Gold, copper, aluminium, and steel have high ductility. Ductility is the property of solid to be drawn into wires.

Alters the matter into new substances. Cannot get original matter back.

Examples of physical changes include crushing a can, melting an ice cube, and breaking a bottle.

when a substance reacts and froms one or more new substances (change in color, production of gas, and formation of precipitate)

Gas production, Emission of light, Energy change, Color change, Solid formed

Cooking meat CHEMICAL

Slicing cheese PHYSICAL

Dissolving sugar in iced tea PHYSICAL

Freezing water PHYSICAL

Toasting bread CHEMICAL

Cooking a hamburger CHEMICAL

Digesting a banana CHEMICAL

Melting butter PHYSICAL

Separates a solid from a liquid (by size) in a heterogeneous mixture.

Different components are flushed through the system at different rates.

Pouring a solution from one container in order to leave the sediments in the bottom of the other container.

the process that separates a mixture of liquid substances based on differences in their boiling points. Takes advantage of boiling points and melting points.

Uses centrifugal force to separate particles of varying density.

Fractional distillation will seperate two subsances that are mixed together is they have different boiling points. Takes advantage of close boiling points and melting points.

Evaporation is The type of vaporization of liquid that leaves a solid behind.

matter is neither created or destroyed just rearranged mass of reactants= mass of products ***** balancing equations is essential -change coefficent