Ch 5. BIO

pentose Pentose is the general term for a five carbon sugar such as ribose.

nucleic acids Nucleic acids contain a sugar-phosphate backbone. Ribose is the pentose sugar found in RNA while deoxyribose is the pentose sugar found in DNA.

hydroxyl Carbohydrates are aldehydes or ketones with multiple hydroxyl groups.

In their linear forms, they all contain a carbonyl and several hydroxyl functional groups. Note that in aqueous solution monosaccharides tend to exist in cyclic, not linear, forms

(a) may store hereditary information. (b) may store energy. (c) may protect cells. Polymers that contain sugars do all the named functions and more. For example, they also lubricate the path of roots through soil and they glue plant cells together.

animals Animal cells do not have a cell wall external to the plasma membrane

glycosidic bond The glycosidic bond is a covalent bond that joins two sugars together via a condensation reaction

The sequence of monomers along the chain or the location and geometry of glycosidic linkages could vary (or both).

is a false statement This formula only applies to simple sugars, which are equal parts carbon and water. Complex sugars, which do not have this general formula, are also carbohydrates.