Chapter Five Mastering Biology Homework

Which feature is shared by all monosaccharides? -In their linear forms, that all contain a carboxyl and severl hydroxyl functional groups. -In their linear forms, they all contain a carbonyl and several hydroxyl functional groups. -They are all pentoses. -They all contain more than one sugar.

Which of the following classes of macromolecules always contains a carbohydrate portion? lipids proteins water nucleic acids

A sugar that has the chemical formula C5H10O5 would be charaterized as a(n) pentose hexose triose oligosaccharide

The bond that joins two monosaccharides into a disaccharide is a(n) __________ van der Waals bond glycosidic bond ionic bond hydrogen bond

Which of the following polysaccharides contains peptide bonds? starch peptidoglycan glycogen chitin

Which of the following polysaccharides composes the cell wall of fungi and the exoskeleton of insects? starch chitin peptidoglycan glycogen

Which of the following chemical bonds have the lowest potential energy? C-H bonds C-O bonds C-C bonds All of these bonds have equivalent potential energy

Cells of which organisms lack cell walls? animals plants bacteria fungi

Which of the following types of molecules would have the highest capacity to store chemical energy? a two-carbon molecule rich in C-H bonds, such as ethane. a six-carbon molecule rich in C-H bonds, such as a lipid. a two-carbon molecule rich in C-O bonds, such as ethanol. a six-carbon molecule righ in C-O bonds, such as a hexose.

Part complete Which of teh following types of glycosidic bonds are more readily broken by hydrolysis? beta linkages glucose linkages Hydrolysis will occur equally across all of these linkages. alpha linkages

Which of the following meals would have the highest amount of carbohydrates? spaghetti chicken breast steak and mushrooms bacon and eggs

Which of the following is not a characteristic of monosaccharides? link together to form a long chain and act as enzymes always contain a double bond between a carbon atom and an oxygen atom all have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio often exist as either a straight chain or a ring

Which two types of atoms bond to form the ring structure of a monosaccharide? hydrogen and carbon carbon and carbon hydrogen and oxygen carbon and oxygen

How many monosaccharides are found in a disaccharide? 3 2 1 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of a polysaccharide? the ring form of a disaccharide found only in plants long chains composed of monosaccharides bonded together only used to store energy

Polymers that contain sugars ... (a) may store hereditary information. (b) may store energy. (c) may protect cells. Both (b) and (c). (a), (b), and (c).

Which feature is shared by all monosaccharides? View Available Hint(s) -They are all pentoses. -They all contain more than one sugar. -In their linear forms, they all contain a carboxyl and several hydroxyl functional groups. -In their linear forms, they all contain a carbonyl and several hydroxyl functional groups.

Which of the following classes of macromolecules always contains a carbohydrate portion? View Available Hint(s) nucleic acids water proteins lipids

A sugar that has the chemical formula C5H10O5 would be characterized as a(n) _____. View Available Hint(s) pentose hexose triose oligosaccharide

Select the statement that is incorrect. View Available Hint(s) Complex sugars are carbohydrates. All carbohydrates have the general formula Cn(H2O)n. Simple sugars are carbohydrates. Simple sugars contain only carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms.

Glycogen is _____. the form in which plants store sugars a transport protein that carries oxygen a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls a source of saturated fat a polysaccharide found in animals

glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____. lactose + water ... hydrolysis starch + water ... dehydration synthesis sucrose + water ... dehydration synthesis maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis cellulose + water ... hydrolysis

Which of these is a source of lactose? potatoes starch milk sugar beets sugar cane

Which of these is a polysaccharide? galactose glucose lactose sucrose cellulose

_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth. Cellulose Starch Glycogen Lactose Glucose

How could two four-sugar oligosaccharides be structurally different even if both consist of two glucose monomers and two galactose monomers? View Available Hint(s) -Only the location and geometry of glycosidic linkages could vary. -The sequence of monomers along the chain or the location and geometry of glycosidic linkages could vary (or both). -One oligosaccharide could contain aldoses while the other contains ketoses. -Only the sequence of monomers along the chain could vary.

Which of the following polysaccharides contains peptide bonds? View Available Hint(s) chitin peptidoglycan starch glycogen

Which of the following polysaccharides composes the cell wall of fungi? View Available Hint(s) chitin glycogen peptidoglycan starch

Which molecule is not a carbohydrate? View Available Hint(s) Starch Cellulose Glycogen Lipid

Which of the following statements about monosaccharide structure is true? View Available Hint(s) -Monosaccharides can be classified according to the spatial arrangement of their atoms. -All monosaccharides contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. -Aldoses and ketoses differ in the position of their hydroxyl groups. -A six-carbon sugar is called a pentose.

True or false? Peptidoglycan is a polysaccharide found only in bacteria. View Available Hint(s) True False

Which complex carbohydrate contains only a-1,4-glycosidic linkages? View Available Hint(s) Amylose Cellulose Glycogen Amylopectin

Which of the following complex carbohydrates is listed with its correct function? View Available Hint(s) Cellulose: structural component of plant cell walls Chitin: constituent of bacterial cell walls Starch: primary energy-storage molecule in animals Amylose: main component of plant starch

Which polysaccharide contains a modified monosaccharide? View Available Hint(s) Glycogen Peptidoglycan Starch Cellulose

Part complete Both carbohydrates and fats are used as fuel in cells, but fats store twice as much energy per gram as carbohydrates. Which statement best explains why? -Fats have more C-C and C-H bonds with high potential energy, and fewer C-O bonds with low potential energy. -Fats have more C-C and C-H bonds with low potential energy, and fewer C-O bonds with high potential energy. -Fats have more C-O bonds with low potential energy, and fewer C-C and C-H bonds with high potential energy. -Fats have more C-O bonds with high potential energy, and fewer C-C and C-H bonds with low potential energy.

Which of the following chemical bonds have the lowest potential energy? View Available Hint(s) C-H bonds C-O bonds C-C bonds All of these bonds have equivalent potential energy.

Which statement best explains why a relatively small difference in the location of a carbonyl or hydroxyl group can lead to dramatic changes in the properties and function of a monosaccharide? View Available Hint(s) -It changes the amount of energy stored in the monosaccharide. -It changes the chemical formula of the monosaccharide. -It changes the number of covalent bonds in the monosaccharide. -It changes the shape of the monosaccharide.

A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a _____. polysaccharide phospholipid fatty acid nucleic acid monosaccharide

The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions? C18H30O15 C18H32O16 C3H6O3 C6H10O5 C18H36O18

How do the α and β forms of glucose differ? -Their ring structures differ in the location of a hydroxyl group. -Their linear structures differ in the location of a hydroxyl group. -The α form can be involved in 1,4- and 1,6-glycosidic linkages; the β form can participate only in 1,4 linkages. -The oxygen atom inside the ring is located in a different position.

What is the difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar? One is a ring form; the other is a linear chain. the position of the hydroxyl groups the number of carbons the position of the carbonyl group

Glucose (C6H12O6) has a single carbonyl group (C=O) in its linear form. Based on the number of oxygen atoms in glucose, how many hydroxyl groups (OH) would you expect glucose to have? 5 3 6 1

How could two four-sugar oligosaccharides be structurally different even if both consist of two glucose monomers and two galactose monomers? See Section 5.2 (Page 111) . View Available Hint(s) -Only the location and geometry of glycosidic linkages could vary. -One oligosaccharide could contain aldoses while the other contains ketoses. -The sequence of monomers along the chain or the location and geometry of glycosidic linkages could vary (or both). -Only the sequence of monomers along the chain could vary.

Which of the following linkages would you expect to find at a branch point in glycogen or amylopectin? α-1,4-glycosidic linkage β-1,6-glycosidic linkage α-1,6-glycosidic linkage β-1,4-glycosidic linkage

Which of the following molecules contains at least one peptide bond? peptidoglycan glycogen cellulose chitin

Which of the following structural features is common to cellulose, chitin, and peptidoglycan? -They are all composed of glucose in either the α or β form. -They are all composed of highly branched fibers. -They can all form bonds between polymer chains that create parallel strands. -They all contain peptide bonds.

The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down? cellulose starch starch, cellulose, and chitin chitin starch and chitin only

Which of the following categories includes all others in the list? polysaccharide starch monosaccharide carbohydrate disaccharide

The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking 10 glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions? C60H120O60 C60H111O51 C60H102O51 C60H100O50 C6H12O6

Which statement most accurately describes how the carbohydrates you ate during breakfast today are functioning in your body right now? View Available Hint(s) They are storing and replicating hereditary information. They are storing chemical energy, indicating cell identity, and serving as raw material for synthesizing other molecules. They are storing chemical energy, indicating cell identity, and serving as the primary structural components of plasma membranes. They are catalyzing a variety of chemical reactions.

What are three ways monosaccharides differ from one another? the orientations of their hydroxyl groups the number of monomers in the molecule the location of their carbonyl group the type of glycosidic linkage the number of carbon atoms they contain the orientations of the C-1 hydroxyl

What holds cellulose molecules together in bundles large enough to form fibers? the cell wall hydrogen bonds peptide bonds hydrophobic interactions

What are the primary functions of carbohydrates in cells? -energy storage, information storage, polymerization, and raw material source for synthesis -cell identity, energy storage, raw material source for synthesis, and structure -catalysis, digestion, energy storage, and information storage -catalysis, energy storage, metabolism, and structure

Which of the differences listed here could be found among molecules of the same monosaccharide? different orientations of a hydroxyl group in the linear form different orientations of a hydroxyl group in the ring form different positions of the carbonyl group in the linear form different number of carbons