CHAPTER 7 example #64620

A loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyed activities is called _____.

Individuals with _____ walk, gesture, and talk slowly. On the other hand, people with _____ can't sit still and may move around or fidget aimlessly.

In severe cases of depression, individuals experience _____ that refers to beliefs with no basis in reality and _____, which refers to seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not real.

If a person experiences a loss of interest in usual activities and at least four other depressive symptoms chronically for at least two weeks, and these symptoms are severe enough to interfere with the person's ability to function in everyday life, the person meets the criteria for _____.

If a person experiences depressed mood plus two other symptoms of depression for at least two years, and during the two years he or she has not been without depressive symptoms for more than two months, the person is most likely to be diagnosed with _____.

Which of the following is true of the difference between persistent depressive disorder and major depressive disorder?

8. In the DSM-5, dysthymic disorder is termed _____.

Which of the following disorders most commonly occurs with persistent depressive disorder?

The combination of major depression and anxiety is so common that the authors of the DSM-5 introduced the subtype of _____.

Individuals suffering from depression with _____ features show strange behaviors ranging from a complete lack of movement to excited agitation.

Martha gave birth to twins two weeks ago. She finds herself weeping while she is changing the twins or feeding them. She is irritable and has had little sleep since their birth. Martha feels guilt and shame because she says a good mother would be able to take care of her children. The subtype of major depression Martha is most likely suffering from is depression with:

Bart has been diagnosed with major depression. Recently, he has been experiencing hallucinations. He sees mystical beings cloaked in white swooping down from the sky trying to "whisk" him away. Bart is most likely experiencing major depression with _____ features.

Which of the following statements is true about individuals with seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?

In the United States, which of the following age groups is more likely to have had a major depressive episode in the past year?

The diagnosis of depression in older adults is complicated because:

Which of the following is the most common explanation given by researchers for the low rate of depression among older adults?

_____ to experience mild depressive symptoms and severe depressive disorders.

As many as _____ percent of people who experience a first episode of depression will experience subsequent episodes.

Which of the following statements about depression is true?

A person filled with grandiose self-esteem, displaying rapid speech and impulsive behaviors, and showing an elevated, expansive, or irritable mood for at least one week is exhibiting symptoms of _____.

People with bipolar II disorder experience episodes that meet the criteria for major depression, but have:

One major difference between hypomania and mania is that the symptoms of hypomania:

Which of the following is true of the difference between cyclothymic disorder and bipolar disorder?

Which of the following statements is true of mood disorders?

Which of the following is true of bipolar disorder?

_____ cycles of mania and depression within a year lead to a diagnosis of rapid cycling bipolar I disorder.

The agitation and risky behavior accompanying mania in youth are difficult to distinguish from the symptoms of _____.

According to the DSM-5, which of the following is an appropriate diagnostic criterion for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder?

Which of the following is true about the prevalence of bipolar disorder?

_____ have a higher-than-normal prevalence of mania and depression.

Which of the following is true about the genetic factors of depression?

. The neurotransmitters that have been implicated most often in depression are the _____.

In the brain, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin are found in large quantities in the _____.

The anterior cingulate cortex plays an important role in _____.

Which of the following brain abnormalities have been implicated in depression?

The amygdala plays an important role in:

Chronic elevated levels of cortisol in the hippocampus may:

The effects of overactivity in the _____ may bias people toward aversive or emotionally arousing information.

People with depression tend to show:

Chronic excessive exposure to cortisol:

43. Changes in the ovarian hormones, estrogen and progesterone, affect the _____ and _____ neurotransmitter systems.

44. According to behavioral theories of depression,

45. Learned helplessness theory suggests that:

46. Aaron Beck's concept of the negative cognitive triad led to one of the most widely used and successful therapies for depression, which is _____ therapy.

47. The reformulated learned helplessness theory focuses on:

53. Frankie has never been convinced that his parents love him unconditionally. He continues to do things to gain their approval. From an interpersonal perspective, Frankie is most likely engaging in _____.

52. Which of the following is true according to the cognitive theories of depression?

54. According to interpersonal theories of depression, some depressed people have a heightened need for approval and expressions of support from others but at the same time easily perceive rejection by others, a characteristic called rejection _____.

55. Which of the following explanations has been given for the age-based variation in the risk for depression?

56. Which of the following statements is true of gender differences in vulnerability to depression?

60. Which of the following psychological factors has NOT been implicated in bipolar disorder?

61. Which of the following statements is true of drug treatments for depression?

62. In the treatment of depression, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs):

63. When people first begin taking a(n) _____, they sometimes report feeling "jittery" or having a feeling of "crawling out of one's skin."

64. The agitation some people experience while taking an SSRI may contribute to an increase in suicidal thoughts and behavior. This risk may be greatest for:

65. Which of the following affects norepinephrine and dopamine systems, has been useful in treating psychomotor retardation, and appears to overcome the sexual dysfunction side effects of SSRIs?

67. Belinda has been warned not to mix her antidepressant medication with certain over-the-counter drugs. She has also been told to watch her consumption of aged cheese, red wine, and beer. Belinda's is most likely taking _____.

58. Which of the following has been implicated in bipolar disorder?

59. Several studies suggest that dysregulation of the _____ system contributes to bipolar disorder.

66. Which of the following statements is true of tricyclic antidepressants?

68. _____ can cause diabetes, hypothyroidism, and kidney dysfunction and can contribute to birth defects if taken during the first trimester of pregnancy.

69. Stewart has been warned by his psychiatrist not to miss any of his medication-check appointments. The drug he is taking can be lethal if not monitored regularly. Which of the following drugs is Stewart most likely taking?

70. Which of the following anticonvulsants tends to produce the fewest side effects?

71. Anti-epileptics may work by restoring the balance between the neurotransmitter systems in the _____.

72. Which of the following is true of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

73. Which of the following statements is true about the newer methods of brain stimulation? .

74. Which of the following statements is true of light therapy?

75. Luke is seeking treatment for his depression. His therapist tells him that his treatment will be short-term, will entail identifying the circumstances that precipitate his depressive symptoms, and will involve learning new skills necessary to interact effectively with his environment. Luke is most likely undergoing _____.

77. What are the goals of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating depression?

76. In the treatment of mood disorders, which of the following is the first phase of behavior therapy?

78. Luke is seeking treatment for his depression. His therapist begins by helping him discover the negative automatic thoughts that he habitually exhibits and how these thoughts are connected to his depression. Luke is encouraged to challenge these thoughts and his therapist helps him to develop skills such as assertiveness to help him cope better in his daily life. The therapy Luke is most likely receiving is _____ therapy.

79. In _____ therapy, therapists look for four types of problems in depressed individuals: grief, role transitions, role disputes, and skill deficits.

80. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (ISRT) for people with bipolar disorder combines _____ techniques with _____ techniques to help patients maintain regular routines of eating, sleeping, and activity, as well as stability in their personal relationships.

81. In _____ therapy, patients with bipolar disorder and their families are educated about bipolar disorder and trained in communication and problem-solving skills.

82. Which of the following statements is true about the different treatments for mood disorders? . B. Behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and drug therapies appear to be about equally effective in treating most people with depression.

83. Which of the following statements is true of suicide? .

84. Women are _____ likely than men to attempt suicide and _____ likely than men to complete suicide.

87. Which of the following groups has the second highest suicide rate in the United States?

88. Suicide may become more common in adolescence than in childhood for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

85. Which of the following is the most common method of suicide among women?

90. Which of the following people would be at the greatest risk for suicide?

91. Which of the following is true of suicide in older adults? .

89. Which of the following statements is true of suicide in adolescents and children

92. Which of the following is the greatest risk factor for suicide in older adults?

93. Which of the following is NOT believed to be a reason to trigger nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI)? t

94. Which of the following best describes a problem associated with understanding suicide through research?

95. According to Émile Durkheim, _____ suicide is committed by people who believe that taking their own life will benefit society.

96. Jacob has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He feels alienated and isolated since his institutionalization. He also feels as though no one really cares about him. He has been contemplating suicide. Durkheim's theory would classify this thinking as _____ suicide.

97. After working for a company for 25 years, Anna loses her job on account of company cutbacks. She has had difficulty finding a job largely because of her age. She is deeply depressed. According to Émile Durkheim, Anna is most likely at risk of committing _____ suicide.

98. A person who experiences major changes in his or her relationship to society may experience severe social role disorientation. According to Durkheim's theory of suicide, this person may be at risk of committing _____ suicide.

99. It is probable that _____ percent of people who commit suicide had been suffering from a diagnosable mental disorder.

100. Which of the following is associated with the increased rates of suicide among African American men?

101. According to research, suicide rates among African American males in the United States were highest in communities where:

102. Which of the following stressful events has been most consistently linked to increased vulnerability to suicide?

103. When two or more completed or attempted suicides are nonrandomly bunched in space or time, it is known as a(n) _____.

104. The personality characteristic that seems to predict suicide best is _____.

105. Which of the following cognitive variables has predicted suicide most consistently?

106. The biological factor most associated with suicide is:

107. Many studies have found a link between low levels of the neurotransmitter _____ and suicide.

108. Crisis intervention aims to reduce the risk of an imminent suicide attempt by providing suicidal persons:

109. The medication most consistently shown to reduce the risk of suicide is _____.

110. _____ therapy was developed to treat people with borderline personality disorder, who frequently attempt suicide.

112. Broad-based suicide prevention or education programs do not tend to be very helpful and might even do harm because they:

111. Most people who are suicidal never seek treatment because they:

48. The reformulated learned helplessness theory focuses on people who habitually explain negative events by causes that are:

49. Sara feels as though every aspect of her life is dismal. She has a pessimistic attitude toward her family, friends, and important events in her life. She views everything on the dark side, and she does not believe that positive thinking is useful in her situation. Sara is most likely exhibiting _____.

50. One view that focuses on the process of thinking, rather than the content of thinking, as a contributor to depression is called the _____.

51. Mae sits and ruminates about her life daily. She has no motivation to make changes in the areas of her life that are bothering her. She spends a great deal of time focusing on how badly she feels. According to cognitive theorists, which theory is most likely to apply to this situation?