Ch. 21

One effect of the first Battle of Bull Run was A. to convince the North that victory would not be difficult. B. to increase the South's already dangerous overconfidence. C. to demonstrate the superiority of Southern volunteer soldiers over Northern Draftees. D. to cause a wave of new Southern enlistments in the army.

The primary weakness of General George McClellan as a military commander was A. his inability to gain support of his troops. B. his tendency to rush into battle with inadequate plans and preparation. C. his lack of confidence in his own abilities. D. his excessive caution and reluctance to use his troops in battle.

After the unsuccessful Peninsula Campaign, Lincoln and the Union turned to A. a new strategy based on "total war" against the Confederacy. B. a new strategy based on an invasion through the mountains of western Virginia and Tennessee. C. a pattern of defensive warfare designed to protect Washington, D.C. D. a reliance on the navy rather than the army to win the war.

The Union blockade of Confederate ports was A. initially leaky but eventually effective. B. challenged by the powerful navies of Britain and France. C. immediately effective in capturing Confederate blockade-running ships. D. largely ineffective in shutting off the sale of Confederate cotton in Europe.

Antietam was one of the crucial battles of the Civil War because A. it ended any possibility of Confederate invasion of the North. B. it was the last chance for the Confederates to win a major battle. C. it fundamentally undermined Confederate morale. D. it prevented British and French recognition of the Confederacy.

Officially, the Emancipation Proclamation freed only A. slaves who had fled their masters and joined the Union Army. B. slaves under control of the rebellious Confederate states. C. slaves in the Border States and in areas under Union Army control. D. slaves in Washington, D.C.

The political effects of the Emancipation Proclamation were A. to bolster public support for the war and the Republican party. B. to strengthen the North's moral cause but weaken the Lincoln administration in the Border States and parts of the North. C. to turn the Democratic party from support of the war toward favoring recognition of the Confederacy. D. to weaken support for the Union Army.

The thousands of black soldiers in the Union Army A. added a powerful new weapon to the antislavery dimension of the Union cause. B. were prevented from participating in combat. C. were enlisted primarily to compensate for the military advantage that the South enjoyed because of slavery. D. saw action in the very first days of the war.

Lee's goals in invading the North in the summer of 1863 were A. to capture major Northern cities like Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. B. to deflect attention from "Stonewall" Jackson's movements against Washington. C. to strengthen the Northern peace movement and encourage foreign intervention in the war. D. to cut off Northern supply lines and damage the Union's economic foundations.

Grant's capture of Vicksburg was especially important because A. it quelled Northern peace agitation and cut off the Confederate trade route across the Mississippi. B. it ended the threat of a Confederate invasion of southern Illinois and Indiana. C. it blocked the French army in Mexico from moving to aid the Confederacy. D. it destroyed Sothern naval power.

The "Copperheads" were A. Northern Democrats who opposed the Union war effort. B. Republican s who opposed the Lincoln administration. C. Democrats who backed the Union but opposed a war against slavery. D. radical Republicans who advocated a war to destroy slavery and punish the South.

Andrew Johnson, Lincoln's vice presidential running mate in 1864, was A. a Copperhead. B. a War Democrat. C. a conservative Republican. D. a radical Republican.

Lincoln's election victory in 1864 was sealed by Union military successes at A. Gettysburg, Antietam, and Vicksburg. B. The Wilderness, Lookout Mountain, and Appomattox. C. Bull Run, the Peninsula, and Fredricksburg. D. Mobile, Atlanta, and the Shenandoah Valley.

Sherman's march "from Atlanta to the sea" was especially notable for A. its tactical brilliance against Confederate cavalry forces. B. its effective use of public relations to turn Southern sympathies against the Confederacy. C. its brutal use of "total war" tactics of destruction and pillaging against Southern civilian populations. D. its impact in inspiring Northern public opinion to turn against slavery.

As the Democratic party nominee in 1864, General George McClellan A. denounced Lincoln as a traitor and called for and immediate end to the war. B. repudiated the Copperhead platform that called for a negotiated settlement with the Confederacy. C. indicated that if elected president he would take personal command of all Union armies. D. called for waging a "total war" against the civilian population in the South.