Biology 1108 Mastering Biology Questions

An adaptation is _____.

Charles Darwin _____.

From his observations of organisms in the Galapagos islands, Darwin reasoned that _____.

Which of the following observations led to Darwin's major inferences?

Which one of the following researchers developed a theory of evolution that was very similar to Charles Darwin's?

Which of the following is an example of the pattern of evolution? (Overview)

Varieties of Staphylococcus aureus that are resistant to the drug methicillin _____.

A challenge to traditional (pre-1860) ideas about species came from embryology, when it was discovered that _____.

What is true of microevolution?

The original source of all genetic variation is _____.

How does diploidy help to preserve genetic variation?

According to the Hardy-Weinberg theorem, the frequencies of alleles in a population will remain constant if _____ is the only process that affects the gene pool.

The evolutionary effects of genetic drift are greatest when _____.

What situation most likely explains the occasional high frequency of certain inherited disorders among human populations established by a small population?

In evolutionary terms, an organism's fitness is measured by its _____.

What is the only evolutionary mechanism that consistently leads to adaptive evolution?

What is the most important factor that holds a gene pool of a species together and prevents speciation?

Two animals are considered members of different species if they _____.

According to the phylogenetic species concept, what is a species?

Which of these is an example of temporal isolation?

Which of the following is the first step in allopatric speciation?

Miller and Urey's experiments that attempted to recreate conditions on early Earth were significant because _____.

Why do some scientists believe that RNA, rather than DNA, was the first genetic material?

Earth probably formed _____ years ago, and the first life evolved as early as _____ years ago.

The oldest fossils usually _____.

Radiometric dating _____.

The earliest organisms were most likely _____.

The atmosphere of early Earth probably contained no O2 until the emergence of organisms that _____.

Hox genes are thought to play an important role in the development of different morphologies because _____.

By definition a clade is _____.

Why do researchers use rRNA in investigations of relationships between taxa that diverged hundreds of millions of years ago?

Molecular clocks are based on the idea that _____.

Which process occurred frequently in the early history of the three domains on Earth, and makes determining phylogenetic relationships of that time difficult?

Which observation supports the position of eukaryotes at the convergence of the "ring of life"?

What is the function of fimbriae?

How does the large amount of genetic variation observed in prokaryotes arise?

Genes for the resistance to antibiotics are usually located _____.

Bacteria that live around deep-sea, hot-water vents obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic hydrogen sulfide belched out by the vents. They use this energy to build organic molecules from carbon obtained from the carbon dioxide in seawater. These bacteria are _____.

The prokaryotic organisms most likely to be found living in salt ponds are the _____.

How are archaeans most similar to bacteria?

An ecological relationship between organisms of different species that are in direct contact can best be described as _____.

Endotoxins are released only when _____

Bioremediation is _____.

Which term below is the proposed kingdom that would include embryophytes and charophytes?

The closest algal relatives of land plants are _____.

Which of the following traits was most important in enabling the first plants to move onto land?

Seedless plants include____.

The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always _____.

In seedless plants, a fertilized egg will develop into _____.

Most bryophytes, such as mosses, differ from all other plants in that they _____.

In contrast to bryophytes, in vascular plants the dominant stage of the life cycle is the _____.

What evolutionary development allowed plants to grow tall?

During the Carboniferous period, forests consisting mainly of _____ produced vast quantities of organic matter, which was buried and later became coal.

When you look at a pine or maple tree, the plant you see is a _____.

All seed plants _____.

The adaptation that made possible the colonization of dry land environments by seed plants is most likely the result of the evolution of _____

Gymnosperms were most abundant during the _____.

In gymnosperms megaspores develop into _____ .

In pine, the embryo develops within the _____.

The major difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms comes from the _____.

Angiosperms are different from all other plants because only they have _____.

Unlike most angiosperms, grasses are pollinated by wind. As a consequence, some unnecessary parts of grass flowers have almost disappeared. Which of the following parts would you expect to be most reduced in a grass flower?

Human survival literally depends on the produce of _____.