BIOL Ch 4

Organic chemistry is currently defined as

MAKE CONNECTIONS Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base (see Concept 3.3, p. 53 in your textbook)?

Which of the following hydrocarbons has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

Which action could produce a carbonyl group?

Which statement about isomers is correct?

Which statement about a methyl functional group is correct?

Identify the functional groups.

How do isomers differ from one another?

The element present in all organic molecules is

Differences among organisms are caused by

Most organic compounds contain carbon and

The experiments of Wöhler, Kolbe, Miller, and other chemists invalidated the concept of vitalism by demonstrating that

Vitalism gave way to mechanism, the view that

The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that

Which of the following people was the first to synthesize an organic compound, urea, from inorganic starting materials?

Hermann Kolbe's synthesis of an organic compound, acetic acid, from inorganic substances that had been prepared directly from pure elements was a significant milestone for what reason?

When Stanley Miller applied heat and electrical sparks to a mixture of simple inorganic compounds such as methane, hydrogen gas, ammonia, and water vapor, what compounds were produced?

Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments supported the hypothesis that

Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments assumed that early Earth's atmosphere contained

L-dopa is used to treat

Enantiomers are molecules that

Geometric isomers are molecules that

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?

Which of the following statements best describes the carbon atoms present in a seed-eating bird?

Which of the following statements best describes the carbon atoms present in a seed-eating bird?

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

The large diversity of shapes of biological molecules is possible because of the extensive presence of _____ in the molecules.

Which of the following is a hydrocarbon?

Molecules that have the same chemical formula (same numbers of each atom) but different three-dimensional shapes are called

Which of the following best describes cis-trans isomers?

How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?

How many structural isomers are possible for a substance having the molecular formula C4H10?

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules

What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms, but with one or more double bonds, will

Organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms can have different structures in all of the following ways except

Thalidomide and L-dopa, shown below, are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that

Citric acid makes lemons taste sour. Which of the following is a functional group that would cause a molecule such as citric acid to be acidic?

Variations in the reactive properties of different organic molecules are most closely associated with

What functional group is commonly used in cells to transfer energy from one organic molecule to another?

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound?

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s) do these molecules differ from each other?

A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic. Which of the following functional groups should be added to the molecule in order to do so?

Which chemical group can act as an acid?

A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group. When placed in water it