The structure that housees the embryos in seed plants
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Seed
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The structure that contains the male gametophytes and sperm
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Pollen
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Tissue inside of seeds that supplies the embroyp with nutrition
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Endosperm
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The structure of an angiosperm plant that cotains seeds
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Fruit
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Having 2 separate sexes
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Dioecious
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Having only a single sex
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Monoeciuos
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Spores that develop into the female gaemtophyte
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Megaspores
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Spores that develop into pollen
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Microspores
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The male structure in a flower
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stamen
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The female structure in a flower
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pistil
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What did the seed allow plants to inhabit?
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relatively dry habitats
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Seeds have
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a seed coat that resists desiccation, and aoffers the embroyo nutrition in the endosperm
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Pollen contains
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male gametophytes and sperm cells, and are desiccation resistant
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Ovulues contain
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the female repro cells and gave rise to these
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Wood allows
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gymn/angiosperms to grow and become tall trees
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Gymnosperms include
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1) cycads
2) ginkgos
3) conifers
4) gentophyta
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Cycads are
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palm like in appearance
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Ginkgos are
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1) broad, flat, fan shaped
2) native to asia
3) dioecious
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Gentophytes possess
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vessel elements and have repro parts similar to flowering platns
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Dioecoius means
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having sepeate male and female parts
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Conifers are
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the largest group of gymnosperms and are mostly monoeciuos
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Examples of conifers
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1) pines
2) juniper
3) cypress
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Angiosperms belong to the phylym
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anthophyta
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Flowers protect
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developing gametes and ensure pollination and fertilziation
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Seeds are coantined
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in the fruit of a plant
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Which gymnosperm is often confused with a palm tree?
answer
cycad
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The stomata you view on the surface of the leaves are used in gas exchange and the guard cells regulate this exchange. What do you think the response of the guard cells will be if you leave the leaf under the microscope lamp for too long?
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Guard cells will lost water and the stomata will become narrow.
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All angiosperms belong to which phylum?
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anthophyta
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Fruits are produced by angiosperms to give nutrition to the embryo.
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false
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Which of the following structures produce pollen in members of Phylum Anthophyta?
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the anther
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Which of the following is NOT a part of a seed?
a) an embryo
b) a seed coat
c) stored food
d) spores
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spores
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Which of the following statements regarding pollen is true?
a) Pollen is only produced in monoecious plants.
b) Pollen contains the male gametophyte.
c) Pollen is unicellular.
d) Pollen can only be transported from one plant to another via wind.
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Pollen contains the male gametophyte.
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The female reproductive parts of a flower are known as the ______________.
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pistil
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Which of the following was not a major evolutionary innovation of the seed plants?
a) Vascular tissue
b) Wood
c) Ovules
d) Flowers
e) seeds
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vascular tissue
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Which phylum of plants is the most abundant on Earth today?
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Phylum Anthophyta
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The pollen grain is resistant to
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desication and adapted for wind borne pollination
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All gymnosperms are what kinds of plants
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trees and shrubs
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Gymnosperm lifecyles are
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long at 5+ years before reproduction
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Angiosperms lifecycles are
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shortlived
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Gymno tissue type
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woody trees and shrubs
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Angio tissue type
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woody or hebaceous
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Gymno vascular tissue
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trachieds (no vessels)
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Angio vascular tissue
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tracheids and vessel elements
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Gymno repro structures
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cones, ovule, pollen, embroyo
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Angio repro structures
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flowers, embryo sac, pollen, embryo, seed and carpel
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Gymno fertilization
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pollen grain internal
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Angio fertnization
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pollen grain internal
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Pollen grain transfer gymno
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wind
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Pollen grain transfer angio
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wind, water, and animals
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seed gymno
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exposed or on scales of cone
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seed angio
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enclosed within fruit
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Both cycads and gnkgos are
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dioecsious (two houses), emaning they have separate and femalte plants
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Most conifers are
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monoceous
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Gymnosperms are what kind of spoors?
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heterosporous
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Megaspore =
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female
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Microspore =
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male
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Pollen male cones:
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more flat, smaller, projecrions
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Seed female cones:
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big bigger projections that are also further apart
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Pine pollen (pic)
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main circle that has thick membrane, surrounded by circular ears
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pine ovule looks like
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lesss be honest, a vajayjay
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mature pine embryo diagram (pic)
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white embryo, purple pollen tubes, purple
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What are key characteristics shared by all gymnosperms?
answer
vascular, have seeds
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Why is wind dispersal such an important evoltiohnary phenomenon for plants?
answer
beause it allows seeds to develop in different enviromments
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Pollination means
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getting gametophyte to sporophyte
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Fertilization means
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sperm goes to egg directly and fuses
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Leaf like flower structures are called
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perianth (petals and sepals combined)
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Angiosperms can uniquely
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double fertilize
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Cotyledon
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embryonic seed leaf where food from endosperm goes
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anther cross section (pic)
answer
has cavities called pollen sacs, 4 circles that have smaller dots in circle formation inside of them
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Tomtato cross section (pic)
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jelly placenta, seeds
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Wind dispersed seeds include
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pine, wheat
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Wind dispersed seeds look like
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have helicopter thing, are flowy
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Water dispersed seeds include
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coconut
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Water dispersed seeds can
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float
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Animal dispersed seeds include
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mulberry and blackberry
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Animal dispersed seeds look like
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berries with sharp edges
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What part of the flower is the male gametophyte
answer
stamen
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What part of the flower is the female gaemtophyte
answer
pistol
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What structure edevelops into the fruit
answer
ovary
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Which structure develops into a seed?
answer
ovule
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Movement in plants is achieved by
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a hydrostatic system (thorugh manipulation of water pressure)
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What holds soft plant parts upright and is the basis for cell growth
answer
turgor pressure
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Water accupmates primarily in the
answer
central vacuole
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water and nutrients go thorugh the
answer
xylem
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dissolved sugars go thorugh the
answer
phleom
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middle lamella in persimmon plamodemata (pic)
answer
looks like melon wedge, with melon part being tiny dots
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plasmodesmata actual pic
answer
circles zoomed in are connected
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water is lost through the _ via structures called _
answer
leaves, stomata
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tradescantia zebrina (pic)
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green and purple blobs, green look like they have the eye of sauron on them
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xylem moves
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water and minerals
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phloem moves
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food fromleaves to plant
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fluid inside phleom is called
answer
sap
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monocot stem pic
answer
(thicker wall)
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dicot stem pic
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thinner wall, more conjugated middle
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monocots have
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1 cotelydyon and endopserm
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dicots have
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2 cotelydons and no endosperm
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rhizbium cross section of root nodule (pic)
answer
looks like waffle cone, circles are green, cone is purple
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