APUSH: Chapter 3

What attracted the original settlers to the northern colonies?

German friar, nailed protests against Catholic doctrines to the door of Wittenberg's cathedral in 1517, declared that the Bible alone was the source of God's word

of Geneva, creator of Calvinism, as it became the dominant theological credo of the New England Puritans, wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion which said humans were all weak and God was all knowing, introduced predestination

Calvinist doctrine that God has foreordained some people to be saved and some to be damned, even though people did not know their fate, they lived sanctified lives to show to others that they were members of the elect

receipt of God's free gift of saving grace

broke ties with the Roman Catholic Church and became head of the Church of England

stimulated by King Henry's breaking with the Roman Catholic Church, came from commercially depressed woolen districts, relied on Calvinism which fed on the social unrest and economic disadvantage of this religious group

a group of extremely devout Puritans who were angered that they, the "visible saints" were forced to share pews with the damned in England, the most famous group were harassed out of the land by King James I who did not want to be defied politically, as these people moved into Holland

happened to the children of the Separatists in Holland that distressed them greatly

the ship that the Separatists sailed to New England on after securing a charter with the Virginia Company after living in Holland

Separatist who sailed on the Mayflower, Indian fighter and negotiator

location chosen by the Pilgrims to settle, became squatters here since they had missed the land under their charter

written by the pilgrims, a simple agreement to form a crude government and to submit to the will of the majority under the regulations agreed upon

How many survivors of the 102 Pilgrims were left after their first winter?

in 1621, the year after the Pilgrims arrived in New England, the celebration of bountiful harvests

three things that stimulated the early Pilgrims' economy

two mainstays of the Pilgrims, one for the body and one for the soul

self taught scholar who was leader of the Pilgrims, elected governor 30 times

Who did the Pilgrims merge with in 1691?

formed by non Separatist Puritans who feared for their faith and England's future (after Charles I had dismissed Parliament due to the Puritans)

began on a larger scale than any other colony,

sugar rich island in the West Indies

occurred when about 70,000 refugees left England

became the Massachusetts Bay Colony's first governor (served for 19 years), believing he had a call to do so, was also an attorney and manor in England, thought that democracy was the meanest and worst of all governments

three main industries of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

comprised of all "freemen," or adult males who belonged to the Puritan congregations

when religious leaders powerfully influenced admission to church membership by conducting public interrogations

educated at Cambridge University, emigrated to Massachusetts to avoid persecution for his criticism of the Church of England, one of the early clergymembers in the Bible Commonwealth

involved serious commitment to work and engagement in worldly pursuits, shared by the Puritans

an early group persecuted by the Puritans

challenged Puritan orthodoxy, claimed that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the truly saved need not bother to obey the law of God or man, known as antinomianism (Greek for against the law), banished by the Puritans, killed by Indians while moving to New York

extreme Separatist, denied the authority of civil government to regulate religious behavior, condemned the Bay Colony's charter for not compensating the Indians for their land, was banished for disseminating "newe and dangerous opinions," built a Baptist church in Providence, Rhode Island

the valley of the _____ River attracted Dutch and English settlers

lead a group of Boston Puritans into Hartford, Connecticut

modern constitution created by the Connecticut River colony

founded in Connecticut by Puritans who contrived to set up an even closer church government alliance than in Massachusetts

attempted to colonize Maine and the surrounding areas, but they were absorbed by Massachusetts Bay after a formal purchase in 1677 from the Gorges heirs

Wampanoag Indian who facilitated cultural accommodation with the Pilgrims, celebrated Thanksgiving with them and the rest of the Wampanoags after signing a treaty with them

occured when Metacom, son of Massasoit, forged an alliance with other Indian tribes and attacked the Europeans after the Pequot War

comprised of Puritan Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth, New Haven, and Connecticut valley settlements, created for defense against the Indians, the French, and the Dutch

imposed from London, designed to promote efficiency in the administration of the English Navigation Laws, headed by Sir Edmund Andros, who established headquarters in Puritanical Boston, affiliated with the Church of England

sought to stitch England's overseas possessions more tightly to the motherland by throttling American trade with countries not ruled by the English crown, caused smuggling

when the people of England dethroned the Catholic James II, caused the collapse of the Dominion of New England, as a Boston mob rose against the regime

unofficial policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of Navigation Laws, lasted from the Glorious Revolution to the end of the French and Indian War

won their independence with the help of England, emerged as a major commercial and naval power, fought three Anglo Dutch naval wars with the English, became a leading colonial power in the east Indies, started the Dutch East India Company

English explorer hired by Dutch East India Company, ventured into Delaware Bay and new york Bay hoping to find a shortcut through the continent, but had merely filled a Dutch claim to a wooded and watered area

maintained profitable enterprises in the Caribbean, established outposts in Africa and a thriving sugar industry in Brazil, bought Manhattan Island from the Indians

located in the Hudson River area, established by the Dutch West India Company for its quick profit fur trade, always a secondary interest

later New York City, located in New Netherland, company town, Quakers were abused here

vast tracts of land along the Hudson River in New Netherlands granted to wealthy promoters in exchange for bringing fifty settlers to the property

lead by Protestant King Gustavus Adolphus, caused Sweden to colonize New Sweden on the Delaware River

"Father Wooden Leg," lead the Dutch to attack the Swedish and absorb New Sweden

Charles II granted this area to his brother, the Duke of York, as the English took over New Netherland in the area, very aristocratic and autocratic

official name for the Quakers

refused to support the established Church of England with taxes, congregated without clergy, spoke up in town meetings, abhorred strife and warfare and refused military service, persecuted in England

hoped to establish an asylum for his Quaker people, experiment with liberal ideas in government, and make a profit, secured land called Pennsylvania from the king for his father's death, best advertised of all colonies, later was arrested three times for treason and died of a stroke

Greek for brotherly love

also known as sumptuary laws, designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality, passed across the colonies, particularly in Puritan New England and Quaker Pennsylvania

named after Lord De La Warr, harbored some Quakers, was under the rule of Pennsylvania until the American Revolution

term for Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey, describing their heavy grain exports

two economies in the middle colonies