APUSH Chapter 29

25 August 2022
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Bay of Pigs
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In April 1961, a group of Cuban exiles organized and supported by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency landed on the southern coast of Cuba in an effort to overthrow Fidel Castro. The invasion ended in disaster, happened under President Kennedy
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Black Power
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Black Power emphasized racial pride and the creation of black political and cultural institutions to nurture and promote black collective interests, advance black values, and secure black autonomy. a range of political goals, from defense against racial oppression, to the establishment of separate social institutions and a self-sufficient economy (separatism help usher in black radical thought, and action against white supremacy.
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Community Action Program
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A program that invited local communities to establish community action agencies to be funded through the office of economic opportunity. It allowed poor to run antipoverty programs in their own neighborhoods
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Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
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A group organized in 1942 that mobilized mass popular resistance to discrimination in a way that the older, more conservative organizations had never done. African American leaders helped organize sit ins and demonstrations in segregated theaters and restaurants
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Cuban missle crisis
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In October 1962, the United States and the Soviet Union came close to nuclear war when President Kennedy insisted that Nikita Khrushchev (leader of the USSR) remove the 42 missiles he had secretly inserted in Cuba. The Soviets eventually did so, nuclear war was averted, and the crisis ended.
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Dien Bien Phu
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A disastrous siege in North Vietnam when french troops became surrounded and only american intervention could prevent the total collapse of the french military effort
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Freedom rides
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Bus trips taken by both black and white civil rights advocates in the 1960's Freedom rides in the South were designed to test the enforcement of federal regulations that prohibited segregation in interstate public transportation.
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Freedom summer
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A campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi, which up to that time had almost totally excluded black voters. The project was organized by the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), a coalition of four established civil rights organizations:
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George Wallace
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The pro-segregation governor of Alabama who ran for president in 1968 on American Independent Party ticket of segregation and law and order. He loses to Nixon and runs again in 1972 but gets shot and is left paralyzed
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Great Society
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President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education. It meant to solve large social problems like hunger and poverty.
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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A resolution of Congress passed in 1964 in direct response to a minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. It is of historical significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, to take all necessary measures to repel armed attack or prevent further aggression
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Ho Chi Minh
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He organized the Vietnamese Communist Party and was Communist leader of Vietnam from 1945 through the Vietnam War
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Ho Chi Minh Trail
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The only truly significant target available for attack on North Vietnam, which stretched into Laos and from Laos into the northern reaches of South Vietnam, the main thoroughfare for North Vietnam's shipment of troops and supplies to South Vietnam.
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Immigration Act of 1965
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An act that ended quotas based on national origin; occupation and skills are now the criteria used to judge entry into the US, set immigration limit
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Malcolm X
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He was a member of the Black Muslims and the Black Power movement. His wanted to ?nd equality for black Americans using "any means necessary," and to separate, not integrate, blacks and whites. Later in life he changed his views about working with white America and was assassinated in 1965
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March on Washington
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A large political rally that took place in Washington, D.C. on August 28, 1963. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his historic "I Have a Dream" speech advocating racial harmony at the Lincoln Memorial during the march. widely credited as helping lead to the Civil Rights Act (1964) and the National Voting Rights Act (1965).
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Medicaid
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A federal and state assistance program that pays for health care services for people who cannot afford them (low-income families)
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Medicare
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Established in 1965 by LBJ as health care for the aged, a federally administered system of health insurance available to persons aged 65 and over.
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New Frontier
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The campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. He promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights.
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Ngo Dinh Diem
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South Vietnam's president who was a strong anti-communist. He refused to take part in country wide election to prevent the election of communists. He was eventually overthrown
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Richard Nixon
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Elected President in 1968 and 1972 representing the Republican Party. He was responsible for getting the United States out of the Vietnam War by using "Vietnamization", which was the withdrawal of 540,000 troops from South Vietnam for an extended period. He was responsible for the Nixon Doctrine.He was the first President to ever resign, due to the Watergate scandal.
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Robert F. Kennedy
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An American politicia who was attorney general during brother's (JFK) presidency and was assassinated during his bid for the 1968 Democratic presidential nomination
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Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
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Founded in 1960 by black college students to provide a focus for the sit-in movement and to conduct voter registration drives in the South. They roused the fury of Southern segregationists
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Tet offensive
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A military campaign conducted by forces of the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese army against the forces of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), the United States, and their allies during the Vietnam War. Success for South Vietnam
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Viet Cong
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A communist guerrilla force that, with the support of the North Vietnamese Army, fought against South Vietnam and the United States