APUSH Chapter 20

Cut off from vital supplies by Southern control; Lincoln announced he was sending food to the garrison and South attacked starting the Civil War

requires a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court; suspended by Abraham Lincoln during war to capture suspected spies for the South

1. larger population (with immigrants and freedmen) 2. navy 3. stable economy (manufacturing) and bank 4. central government 5. better leaders

1. defensive war 2. shorter routes to travel 3. overseas demand for cotton (not true) 4. more motivation for independence

President of the Confederacy; tried to centralize power during the War

Vice President of the Confederacy; valued states rights the most

first major battle; General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson defeated the Union troops

successful Confederate general; victor at Battle of Bull Run

Union General-in-chief; creator of the Anaconda Plan

1. Blockade of Southern Ports by the U.S. navy (actual Anaconda Plan) 2. Divide Confederacy in two by taking control of the Mississippi River 3. Raise and train an army of 500,000 to take Richmond, VA

new commander of the Union Army; delayed many battles for training, but was ineffective in battles; fired and rehired by Lincoln several times

commander of the South's eastern forces; defeated the Union in the Peninsula Campaign and the Second Battle of Bull Run

McClellan (U) forced Lee (C) to retreat; disappointing the McClellan failed to pursue Lee's weakened army; technically a draw but really benefitted North

Union suffered immense defeat under General Burnside against Lee

Merrimac (former Union, now Southern Ship) against Monitor (Union ship) led to a draw, but good for North in preventing future naval attacks from South

successful Union general who captured Fort Henry and Donelson

captured New Orleans as the head of the Union navy

Confederate diplomats James Mason and John Slidell traveled to GB on the Trent to gain GB support; Union ship captured Mason and Slidell and prisoners of war; angered GB who threatened to support South if not released--Lincoln gave in and let them go

Confederate commercial raider bought from GB that captured over 60 US ships; reparations paid for after war by GB

iron ram ships bought from the British by the Confederacy to use against North; GB decided not to continue selling because wanted to remain neutral

power to seize enemy property used to wage war against the US--real purpose so that the North could save slaves

issued by President Lincoln to free all slaves in states in rebellion; did not immediately free any slaves bc border states kept slaves; escaped slaves now allowed to become members of the Union army

official prohibition of slavery in the United States

in the East, Lees army took the offensive in surprising the Union army at Gettysburg Pennsylvania; however, forced to retreat; bloodiest battle of the war

in the West, under Ulysses S. Grant, the Union gained control of Mississippi, cutting off TX, LA, and AK

led by Union veteran William Tecumseh Sherman, 100,00 men marched through the South burning and destroying everything in their path to crush Southern spirit

Lincoln v. McClellan (Democratic position to end the War)--Lincoln won in a landslide, but the popular vote was close

Lee forced to surrender to Grant at the court house

Lincoln's assassinator

Northerners opposed to the war

1866 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that the government had acted improperly in conducting military trials when civilian trials were available

riots in which mostly Irish-American mobs attacked blacks and wealthy whites in response to the draft

paper currency issued by the US treasury

raised tariff rates to increase revenue and protect American manufacturers

promoted settlement of the Great Plains by offering 160 acres of public land free to any person who'd farm the land for at least 5 years

encouraged states to use the sale of federal land grants to maintain agricultural and technical colleges

authorized the building of a transcontinental railroad over a northern route to link CA and the west to the east