APUSH Ch. 12-13

Preachers of the Second Great Awakening, such as Charles Finney, emphasized: A) original sin. B) atonement. C) doctrine. D) predestination. E) emotion.

Elected president in 1828, Andrew Jackson: A) won a resounding majority of popular ballots. B) favored a significant redistribution of wealth. C) purged from government all political appointees. D) condoned the increasing attacks on slavery. E) worked to keep Indians on their land.

In his Exposition and Protest, John Calhoun argued that a state has the power to: A) set its own tariff rates. B) take away Indian lands. C) impeach the president. D) nullify harmful national legislation. E) raise a volunteer army.

Andrew Jackson argued that the national bank: A) restrained state banks from making unwise loans. B) should be rechartered four years ahead of schedule. C) should offer paper money instead of gold. D) played a responsible role in promoting economic expansion. E) represented an example of special privilege that hurt the common man.

During the depression of the late 1830s, the: A) trade union movement steadily grew stronger. B) prices of flour, pork, and coal were cut in half. C) people of New York avoided the worst of the situation. D) deflationary policies of President Van Buren improved conditions. E) wages of workers fell by 30 to 50 percent within two years.

The "specie" in Jackson's Specie Circular of 1836 refers to: A) livestock. B) bank notes. C) farm produce. D) gold and silver coin. E) all of the above

During the 1840s and 1850s, temperance advocates: A) argued that alcoholism reflected moral failure. B) shifted from political action to moral suasion. C) thought that is was ok to drink whiskey, but not beer and wine. D) lobbied for passage of local option laws. E) copied successful revival techniques.

All of the following factors contributed to a reform impulse in the United States during the 1830s EXCEPT the: A) Puritan idea of the American mission. B) activist tendencies in Whig political ideology. C) Puritan theology of predestination. D) anxiety over shifting class relationships. E) anxiety over profound economic and social changes.

Antebellum Americans joined the temperance crusade, as they did other reform societies, largely to: A) circumvent intrusions of the government. B) escape the pressures of middle-class values. C) force immigrants to control their behavior. D) avoid public suspicion of their own beliefs and behavior. E) seek relief from an uncertain and changing world.

Whether secular or religious, the utopian communities of the antebellum era failed for all of the following reasons EXCEPT the: A) stress on the individualistic impulses of human nature. B) Americans were ill-suited to communal living. C) public hostility engendered by unorthodox beliefs or practices. D) recurring problems of unstable leadership and financial bickering. E) waning of enthusiasm after initial settlement.

In the election of 1840, the Whigs: A) failed to attract much voter interest. B) set a standard for restrained, issue-oriented campaigning. C) nominated Martin Van Buren as their presidential candidate. D) featured new, flamboyant electioneering styles and techniques. E) focused attention on serious issues facing the nation.

The trade unions fared better than the labor parties in the 1830s because: A) Jacksonian Democrats shunned many laboring men's votes. B) labor parties admitted only skilled workers. C) trade unions concentrated more on long-range, systematic reforms. D) trade union programs were more immediately practical. E) workers had little interest in politics.

Like many perfectionist reformers, Dorothea Dix believed that: A) special asylums could reform society's outcasts. B) she should seek private influence over individuals. C) there should be no segregation of asylum inmates. D) bad people corrupted basically good institutions. E) the people in prisons were basically good at heart.

"President Jackson joined in denouncing the abolitionists in his annual message in 1835 as 'incendiaries'...." An incendiary is one who: A) disregards the law. B) sets fires. C) avoids responsibility. D) lacks sympathy. E) inflames a situation.

"Some promoted panaceas for all ailments." A panacea is a(n): A) drug. B) stimulant. C) cure-all. D) exercise regime. E) special diet.

"He was an instant, if unorthodox convert." An unorthodox convert would be one who: A) breaks with convention or tradition. B) later recants his commitment. C) is conventional. D) enthusiastically accepts any demands. E) faithfully adheres to doctrine.

For 72 years, the major goal of the women's rights movement remained: A) access to an equal education. B) control of body and property. C) equal pay for equal work. D) the right to vote. E) access to birth control.

The Declaration of Sentiments drawn up in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848 asserted that: A) women served as society's guardians of piety and virtue. B) blacks and whites are created equal. C) the proper place for a woman was in the home. D) the improvement of mankind should be our ultimate goal. E) all men and women are created equal.

Anti-abolitionists did all of the following EXCEPT: A) gained the support of President Andrew Jackson. B) engaged in mob attacks against leading abolitionists. C) worked to ban antislavery literature from the U.S. mails. D) mailed floods of literature into the North. E) passed a Congressional "gag rule."

The primary tactic used by abolitionists in their crusade against slavery was one of: A) political action through petitions and third parties. B) incendiary appeals for slave escapes and rebellions. C) military tactics to free slaves. D) moral suasion through speeches and literature. E) economic boycott of goods made by slave labor.

The American Anti-Slavery Society, formed by William Lloyd Garrison, advocated the: A) gradual emancipation of slaves by individual owners. B) purchase and release of slaves by the government. C) release of Indians enslaved by whites. D) colonization of free blacks in Africa. E) immediate and total abolition of slavery.

Over two-thirds of workers' strikes between 1834 and 1836 were held for: A) higher wages. B) immigration restrictions. C) union recognition. D) shorter hours. E) poor working conditions.

According to the Democrats of the 1830s, the government should: A) change moral behavior and eradicate sin. B) allow Americans freedom to follow their individual interests. C) support the abolition of slavery. D) actively promote policies of economic development. E) support a system of general public education.

Which of the following groups would have been MOST likely to favor recharter of the Second Bank of the United States? A) speculators in western lands B) New York state bankers C) southern and western farmers D) young men and women E) state bankers needing credit

During the 1830s, the Cherokee Indians: A) resisted such elements of American culture as white clothing, agricultural practices, and slaveholding. B) suffered hardships and death in a forced removal to Oklahoma. C) lost tribal lands as a result of their defeat at Horseshoe Bend. D) defied a Supreme Court ruling in their attempt to avoid deportation. E) made an alliance with whites that allowed them to retain their land.

Andrew Jackson's early national reputation stemmed mainly from his: A) scandalous relationship with his wife Rachel. B) crusades on behalf of Native Americans. C) military victory over the British at New Orleans in 1815. D) diplomacy with the Spanish over problems in Florida. E) political support for John Quincy Adams.

Southerners opposed high protective tariff rates because they feared resultant: A) increased prices for manufactured goods. B) increased levels of foreign trade. C) opening of new western lands. D) loss of state sovereignty. E) development of southern industry.

As president, Andrew Jackson: A) favored significant increases in the levels of protective tariffs. B) engaged in wholesale replacement of officeholders with his own supporters. C) asserted his power most dramatically through use of the veto. D) favored land reform and soil preservation. E) supported national funding for all internal improvement projects.

One of Andrew Jackson's key convictions as president was to: A) exercise restraint in his role as chief executive. B) defend the interests of average people. C) expand the powers of the national government. D) guard the interests of the monied aristocracy. E) defend the rights of Native Americans.

American political activity in the 1820s: A) eschewed party politics. B) depended upon the deference of ordinary voters to their "betters." C) stemmed from elite coalitions tied by family and friendship. D) attempted to rise above popular emotions and ethnic prejudices. E) aimed at widespread voter organization and participation.

Essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson urged Americans to: A) conform to the dictates of social judgment. B) look inward for knowledge and self-reliance. C) adopt evangelical Christianity. D) avoid useless crusades for social reform. E) civilize and tame the wildness of nature.

By 1860, The United States had settled: A) its boundary with Mexico, but not Canada. B) its boundaries with both Canada and Mexico. C) its boundary with Spain, but not Mexico. D) neither its Canadian nor Mexican boundaries. E) its boundary with Canada, but not Mexico.

In 1815, Spain held title to all of the following present-day lands EXCEPT: A) Louisiana. B) Utah. C) California. D) Texas. E) Arizona.

According to agreements made in 1818 and 1827, the United States and Great Britain: A) jointly occupied Oregon. B) engaged in joint explorations of the Northwest. C) agreed to remove Indians from the Oregon Territory. D) cooperated in the fur trade. E) divided the Oregon Territory at the 49th parallel.

Americans were attracted to Texas in the 1820s by the: A) flourishing trade in bison robes and cowhides. B) promise of freedom of religion and good lands for tobacco cultivation. C) prospect of mining for precious metals. D) lure of cheap land for cotton cultivation. E) demand of Mexicans for American products.

In 1821, Mexico won its: A) revolutionary war against France. B) right to sell slaves to the U.S. C) independence. D) right to import sugar from the Caribbean. E) none of the above

The slogan "Manifest Destiny" referred to the conviction of Americans in the 1840s that the United States had a(n): A) opportunity to replace greed with benevolence. B) destiny to conquer the world. C) destiny to spread slavery to the Pacific and beyond. D) obligation to spread across the continent. E) God-given right to exist as a nation.

Democrats such as Stephen Douglas supported the annexation of Texas on the grounds that it would: A) ease sectional tensions within the United States. B) secure the reelection of John Tyler. C) expand the institution of slavery. D) spread the benefits of American civilization. E) increase the wealth of the United States.

In his popular Emigrants' Guide to Oregon and California (1845), Lansford Hastings: A) applauded the concept of joint occupation of Oregon with the British. B) provided both practical information as well as encouragement for frontier settlers. C) suggested that the mountains should only be crossed during the winter. D) maintained that California belonged rightfully to the United States rather than Mexico. E) defended the rights of Native Americans to certain lands of the Northwest.

As a result of Mexican restrictions in Texas, American settlers there: A) converted to Roman Catholicism. B) made an alliance with Native Americans. C) fought a war with Mexico. D) disallowed further American immigration. E) freed their slaves.

With the victory at San Jacinto in 1836, Texas: A) secured admission to the United States. B) gained its independence from Spain. C) lost heroes Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie. D) gained its independence from Mexico. E) won recognition from the Mexican Congress.

All of the following factors nourished an American conviction that California must become part of the United States EXCEPT the: A) suspicion that other nations had designs on the region. B) gradual recognition of California's fine harbors. C) arrival of 1,500 overland emigrants in the 1840s. D) desire of newcomers to blend into California society. E) favorable position of California for the China trade.

Between 1848 and 1883, California gold: A) fueled the agricultural and commercial development of California and Oregon. B) caused the population to shift from the east coast to the west coast. C) transformed Los Angeles from a sleepy town into a bustling metropolis. D) supplied over two-thirds of the world's supply. E) provided equal investment opportunities for California's minority populations.

"Frederick Douglass accused the country of 'cupidity and love of dominion.'" Cupidity is the "crime" of: A) immorality. B) love. C) greed. D) negligence. E) prejudice.

"Joseph Smith and other church leaders had secretly practiced polygamy in the early 1840s...." For Mormons, polygamy was the practice of: A) having more than one wife. B) having multiple households. C) electing several church leaders. D) worshipping many gods. E) sharing all lands and profits.

For Mexicans living in territory annexed by the United States, the influx of Anglos: A) gave them opportunities to intermarry with people of the same race. B) often meant increased oppression rather than opportunity. C) guaranteed their land holdings would increase in value. D) seldom threatened the dominance of Spanish-speaking residents. E) made no impact on their influence and prestige.

In return for various presents offered by the United States government at the Fort Laramie Council of 1851, participating Indian chiefs pledged that their tribes would: A) end all tribal warfare. B) never attack white emigrants. C) move to lands in Canada. D) move to lands farther west. E) limit their movements to prescribed areas.

The primary cause for Indian-white conflict by the late 1840s was the: A) Indian refusal to attend a general council to resolve problems. B) refusal by President Polk to provide compensation for lost Indian lands. C) hostility of white emigrants towards Native Americans. D) Indian attacks on, and scalpings of, white emigrants. E) destruction of Indian grass, timber, and buffalo by white emigrants.

Most of the Plains Indians: A) lived a nomadic lifestyle in pursuit of the buffalo. B) fought fierce battles to exterminate their enemies. C) lived in pueblos and engaged in agriculture. D) immediately opposed white emigrants crossing their territory. E) organized their tribes to provide strict hierarchial authority.

Nineteenth-century western cities: A) grew extremely slowly. B) attracted many families and single women. C) tended to have more male than female residents. D) offered excellent opportunities to newcomers who had no capital. E) had homogenous populations.

The Mormon emigrants to Utah: A) concentrated on converting rather than killing Native Americans. B) lived as independent farmers on individual homesteads. C) maintained a strict separation of church and state. D) encouraged polygamous family life for all new settlers. E) sought to have Utah annexed to the United States.

For most emigrants on the overland trails: A) drawing up rules and electing officers prevented dissension. B) difficulties multiplied as the trip lengthened. C) a traditional division of labor persisted through the journey. D) Indians attacked on a regular basis. E) the trip proved novel and even enjoyable.

In contrast to the agricultural frontier, migrants to the mining frontier were more: A) intent on making a quick profit. B) likely to make money. C) successful in establishing local government. D) isolated from their neighbors. E) often married and older in age.

The pre-emption acts during the 1830s and 1840s: A) offered free government land to prospective settlers. B) increased the minimum amount of public land purchases. C) encouraged westward migration by protection of "squatters' rights." D) reserved choice public lands for the political elite. E) removed Indians from their lands in order to give it to white settlers.

Perhaps most emigrants to the Far West were motivated by dreams of: A) freedom from religious persecution. B) bringing Christianity and education to the Indians. C) restoring their health by escaping debilitating sicknesses. D) bettering their lives by cultivating the land. E) making a fortune by the mining of gold.

Most of the emigrants who headed for the Far West were: A) members of the poorest class. B) white and born in America. C) slaveholders from the Deep South. D) Asians, especially from China. E) from southern and eastern Europe.

In reference to the Oregon question, President Polk: A) supported a division of the territory at the 49th parallel. B) demanded a "fifty-four forty or fight" resolution. C) exercised great tact and skill in achieving compromise. D) suggested that the Oregon Territory extended all the way to Alaska. E) recommended a continued joint occupation with Britain.

In the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), the United States agreed to: A) receive $15 million in reparations from Mexico. B) pay $10 million for large tracts of land in New Mexico. C) guarantee the civil and political rights of former Mexican citizens. D) pay Mexico $30 million for California. E) collect all outstanding American claims against Mexico.

The town of Sante Fe was: A) fiercely guarded and protected during the Mexican War. B) taken by Mexican forces in 1846. C) captured and annexed by Texans in 1841. D) occupied without a shot by American forces in 1846. E) settled by Americans in the 1820s to promote trade.

Eastern Indian tribes from the South and Old Northwest, whom the American government forcibly relocated in the West: A) received permanent protection of their new lands. B) strengthened Native American resistance to further white expansion. C) found that both local tribes and white immigrants welcomed them. D) served ironically as agents of white civilization. E) converted the Plains Indians to agricultural enterprises.