A&P Chapter 2 Homework

3 September 2022
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question
Which four elements comprise approximately 96% of body weight?
answer
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
question
What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
answer
Kinetic energy is energy in action, while potential energy is stored energy.
question
Which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells?
answer
sodium
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If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following?
answer
74 protons
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An element has an atomic number of 17 and a mass of 35. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does the element have?
answer
17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons
question
Select the correct statement about isotopes.
answer
Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their atomic masses.
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Chemical properties are determined primarily by neutrons.
answer
False
question
Which of the following is true of atomic weight?
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Atomic weight of an element is approximately equal to the mass number of its most abundant isotope.
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The atomic weight is only an average of relative weights of an atom and its isotopes, and it may vary from the weight of a specific isotope.
answer
True
question
Which of the following best describes an isotope?
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Structurally variant atoms, which have the same number of protons (and electrons), but differ in the number of neutrons they contain.
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Which of the following best defines covalent bonds?
answer
The bond formed when shared electrons occupy a single orbital common to both atoms within a molecule.
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The pH scale:
answer
is based on the concentration of H+ ions.
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Select the statement about mixtures that is correct.
answer
A solution contains solvent in large amounts and solute in smaller quantities.
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No chemical bonding occurs between the components of a mixture.
answer
True
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Two good examples of a colloid would be Jell-Oยฎ and ________.
answer
cytosol
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In liquid XYZ, you notice that light is scattered as it passes through. There is no precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days. What type of liquid is this?
answer
colloid
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Which of the following is NOT a compound?
answer
oxygen gas
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What does CH4 mean?
answer
There is one carbon and four hydrogen atoms.
question
Emulsions and colloids are the same thing.
answer
True
question
Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of electrons contained.
answer
False
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Mixtures are combinations of elements or compounds that are physically blended together but are not bound by chemical bonds.
answer
True
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The fact that no chemical bonding occurs between the components of a mixture is the chief difference between mixtures and compounds.
answer
True
question
Covalent bonds are generally less stable than ionic bonds.
answer
False
question
What are the two fundamental roles of DNA?
answer
To direct protein synthesis, and replicate itself before cell division.
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Hydrogen bonds are comparatively strong bonds.
answer
False
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Salts are always ________.
answer
ionic compounds
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What is a dipole?
answer
a polar molecule
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A charged particle is generally called an ion.
answer
True
question
A molecule consisting of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms is correctly written as CO2.
answer
True
question
What of the following is not a difference between a compound and a mixture:
answer
Mixtures are homogeneous while compounds are heterogeneous.
question
Which of the following is true regarding the pH of a solution?
answer
The more hydrogen ions in a solution, the more acidic the solution is.
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Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat?
answer
high heat of vaporization
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The lower the pH, the higher the hydrogen ion concentration.
answer
True
question
Water:
answer
can form hydrogen bonds.
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What is the classification of a solution with a pH of 8.3?
answer
alkaline solution
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Buffers resist abrupt and large changes in the pH of the body by releasing or binding ions.
answer
True
question
A solution that has a pH of 2 could best be described as being ________.
answer
acidic
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What is the most abundant and important inorganic compound in living material?
answer
water
question
Buffers help to stabilize blood pH.
answer
True
question
The pH of body fluids must remain fairly constant for the body to maintain homeostasis.
answer
True
question
All organic compounds contain carbon.
answer
True