A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved
answer
Ionic Bond
question
A bond in which electrons are equally shared
answer
Nonpolar covalent bond
question
A type of bond important in typing different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional structure
answer
Hydrogen bond
question
Electrically charged particle due to loss of an electron
answer
Cation
question
Neutral subatomic particle
answer
Neutron
question
smallest particle of an element that retains its properties
answer
Atom
question
smallest particle of a compound that still retains its properties
answer
Molecule
question
what is water
answer
A compound
question
what is carbon
answer
A element
question
anything that occupies space and has mass
answer
Matter
question
Although a man who weighs 175 pounds on earth would be lighter on the moon and heavier on jupiter, his _____________ would not be different
answer
Mass
question
Is a function of, and varies with, gravity
answer
Weight
question
A synthesis reaction always involves bond formation.
answer
True
question
Chemical properties are determined primarily by neutrons.
answer
False
question
A charged particle is correctly called an ion
answer
True
question
Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of electrons contained.
answer
False
question
About 60 to 80% of the volume of most living cells consists of organic compounds.
answer
False
question
Lipids are a poor source of stored energy.
answer
False
question
Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide
answer
True
question
A molecule consisting of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms is correctly written as CO2
answer
True
question
The lower the pH, the higher the hydrogen ion concentration
answer
true
question
Covalent bonds are generally weaker than ionic bonds.
answer
False
question
Hydrogen bonds are strong bonds.
answer
False
question
All organic compounds are covalently bonded.
answer
True
question
In general, the category of lipids that we refer to as oils have:
A) long fatty acid chains.
B) a high degree of saturated bonds.
C) a high degree of unsaturated bonds.
D) a high water content.
answer
A higher degree of unsaturated bonds
question
The genetic information is coded in DNA by
A) the regular alteration of sugar and phosphate molecules.
B) the sequence of the nucleotides.
C) the structure of the histones.
D) the three-dimensional structure of the double helix
answer
the sequence of the nucleotides
question
Which of the following is not true of proteins?
A) They appear to be the molecular carriers of the coded hereditary information.
B) Their function depends on the three-dimensional shape.
C) Some types are called enzymes.
D) They may be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity.
answer
They appear to be the molecular carries of the coded hereditary information
question
The single most abundant protein in the body is:
A) glucose.
B) hemoglobin.
C) collagen.
D) DNA.
answer
collagen
question
Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of:
A) glucose.
B) triglycerides.
C) cholesterol.
D) glycogen
answer
glycogen
question
The speed or rate of a chemical reaction is influenced by all of the following except:
A) the presence or absence of carbon.
B) the temperature.
C) the concentration of the reactants.
D) the presence of catalysts or enzymes
answer
the presence or absence of carbon
question
Salts are always
A) hydrogen bonded
. B) ionic compounds.
C) double covalent compounds.
D) single covalent compounds
answer
ionic compounds
question
A solution that has a pH of 2 could best be described as being:A) basic. B) acidic. C) neutral. D) slightly acidic.
answer
Acidic
question
Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?
A) H2O B) NaOH C) CH4 D) NaCl
answer
CH4
question
A chain of 25 amino acids would be called a
A) nucleotide. B) protein. C) starch. D) peptide.
answer
Peptide
question
A long chain of simple sugars would be a:
A) protein. B) nucleic acid. C) polysaccharide. D) monosaccharide.
answer
Polysaccharide
question
Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the
A) addition of a water molecule between each two units.
B) removal of a nitrogen atom between each two units.
C) addition of a carbon atom between each two units.
D) removal of a water molecule between each two units
answer
removal of a water molecule between each two units
question
Which statement about enzymes is false?
A) Enzymes are composed mostly of protein.
B) Enzymes raise the activation energy needed to start a reaction.
C) Enzymes may be damaged by high temperature.
D) Enzymes are organic catalysts.
answer
Enzymes raise the activation energy needed to start a reaction
question
Select the statement that is most correct regarding chemical bonds
A) Ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between two atoms.
B) Multiple bonds are not possible with covalent bonding.
C) Covalent bonding involves the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another.
D) Hydrogen bonds are very weak and often involve water.
answer
Hydrogen bonds are very weak and often involve water
question
Select the most correct statement regarding nucleic acids.
A) RNA is a long, single-stranded molecule made up of the nucleotides A, T, G, and C.
B) DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C nucleotides.
C) Three forms exist: DNA, RNA, and TDNA.
D) TDNA is considered a molecular slave of DNA.
answer
DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A,T,G, and C Nucleotide
question
Select the correct statement about isotopes
A) All the isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons.
B) Isotopes are rare and occur only in the heavier elements.
C) All the isotopes of an element are radioactive.
D) Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their atomic weights.
answer
Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their atomic weights.
question
The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are:
A) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, calcium. B) nitrogen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium.
C) sodium, potassium, hydrogen, oxygen. D) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen.
answer
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen.
question
Atom X has seventeen protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell?
A) 3 B) 10 C) 5 D) 7
answer
7
question
If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have _______
A) 37 protons and 37 neutrons
B) 74 protons and roughly the same number of neutrons
C) 37 electrons
D) 74 protons and no neutrons
answer
74 protons and roughly the same number of neutrons
question
The formula C6H12O6 means:
A) there are 6 calcium, 12 hydrogen and 6 oxygen atoms.
B) the substance is a colloid.
C) the molecular weight is 24.
D) there are 12 hydrogen, 6 carbon and 6 oxygen atoms.
answer
there are 12 hydrogen, 6 carbon and 6 oxygen atoms.
question
The chemical symbol O = O means
A) the atoms are double bonded.
B) zero equals zero
C) both atoms are bonded and have zero electrons in the outer orbit.
D) this is an ionic bond with two shared electrons
answer
the atoms are double bonded.
question
Dipole is:
A) a type of reaction. B) an organic molecule.
C) a type of bond. D) a polar molecule.
answer
a polar molecule
question
CH4 means
A) there are four carbon and four hydrogen atoms.
B) this is an inorganic molecule.
C) there is one carbon and four hydrogen atoms.
D) this was involved in a redox reaction.
answer
there is one carbon and four hydrogen atoms
question
Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a ________ reaction
A) reversible
B) exchange
C) synthesis
D) decomposition
answer
synthesis
question
The following is not an electrolyte.
A) NaOH B) H2O C) HCl D) Ca2CO3
answer
H2O
question
Grapefruit juice (pH 3) has ________ times the concentration of coffee (pH 5).
A) 20 B) 100 C) 10 D) 1000
answer
100
question
Sucrose is a ________.
A) polysaccharide B) monosaccharide C) triglyceride D) disaccharide
answer
disaccharide
question
Neutral fats have a ________ ratio of fatty acids to glycerol
A) 2:1 B) 3:1 C) 1:1 D) 4:1
answer
3:1
question
The atomic number is equal to the number of ________.
answer
Protons
question
Molecules such as methane that share electrons have ________ bonds.
answer
covalent
question
Polysaccharides with long chains of similar units are called ________.
answer
polymers
question
In a DNA molecule guanine would connect to ________.
answer
Cytosine
question
The ________ molecule directly provides energy for cellular work.
answer
ATP
question
Starch is the stored carbohydrate in plants while ________ is the stored carbohydrate in animal
answer
glycogen
question
Explain the difference between potential and kinetic energy
answer
Potential energy is the energy an object has relative to position. Kinetic energy is energy associated with a moving
object
question
What advantages does ATP have in being the energy currency molecule?
answer
It is easy to store; it releases just the right amount of energy for the cell's needs so it is protected from excessive energy
release. A universal energy currency is efficient because a single system can be used by all the cells in the body.
question
Describe the factors that affect chemical reaction rates.
answer
Temperature increases kinetic energy and therefore the force of molecular collisions. Particle size: smaller particles
move faster at the same temperature and therefore collide more frequently; also, smaller particles have more surface
area given the same concentration of reactants. Concentration: the higher the concentration, the greater the chance of
particles colliding. Catalysts increase the rate of the reaction at a given temperature. Enzymes are biological catalysts
question
Protons and electrons exist in every atom nucleus except hydrogen. Is this statement true or false and why?
answer
False - Hydrogen has one proton and one electron. It is the neutron that hydrogen does not have
question
Name four things you know about enzymes
answer
1. They are proteins. 2. They have specific binding sites for specific substrates. 3. They lower the activation barrier
for a specific reaction. 4. The names end in ase. 5. They can be denatured. 6. They can be used again and again.
question
How can DNA be used to "fingerprint" a suspect in a crime?
answer
The DNA of a person is unique to that individual. By obtaining the DNA from nucleated cells from the crime scene
(e.g., tissue, sperm), heating it gently to separate the strands, combining it with the suspect's DNA, and allowing it to
reanneal, the relatedness can be determined by the amount of base pairing.
question
a(n) _____________________ is a substance that consists entirely
answer
element
question
the center of an atom is called the ______________
answer
nucleus
question
Electrons in an atom occupy an orderly series of
electron shells or ________.
answer
energy levels
question
A(n) ________ is a combination of two or more
atoms and has different physical and chemical
properties than its individual atoms
answer
compound
question
Ions with a positive charge are called ________
answer
cations
question
Ions with a negative charge are called ________.
answer
anions
question
________ control the rate of chemical reactions that
occur in the human body.
answer
enzymes
question
_______ molecules are compounds that contain
carbon as the primary structural atom.
answer
organic
question
________ compounds do not contain carbon as the
primary structural atom.
answer
inorganic
question
A(n) ________ is a homogeneous mixture
containing a solvent and a solute.
answer
solution
question
Molecules that readily dissolve in water are called
________.
answer
hydrophilic
question
Molecules that do not dissolve in water are called
________.
answer
hydrophobic
question
The ________ of a solution is the negative
logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration expressed in
moles per liter in the solution.
answer
pH
question
________ are compounds that in solution maintain
pH within given limits.
answer
buffers
question
________ are lipid molecules that form biological
membranes.
answer
phospholipids
question
The molecule DNA contains a five-carbon sugar
called ________.
answer
deoxyribose
question
the molecule RNA contains a five-carbon sugar
called ________.
answer
ribose
question
The hydrolysis of ATP yields the molecule
________.
answer
ADP
question
Identify the three components of a nucleotide.
answer
pentose, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
question
Explain the role of water molecules in
polysaccharide formation.
answer
Water molecules are released in the dehydration
synthesis of polysaccharides.
question
What role do buffer systems play in the human
body?
answer
Buffer systems maintain pH within normal limits by
removing or replacing hydrogen ions as needed
question
Why is it life-threatening to have a high fever?
answer
A high body temperature can be life-threatening
because the heat can cause certain proteins, such as
vital enzymes, to become denatured. When this occurs,
the proteins become nonfunctional and if they catalyze
reactions that are necessary for life, life will cease.
question
How does the DNA molecule control the
appearance and function of a cell?
answer
The DNA molecule controls the manufacture of
enzymes and structural proteins. By controlling the
manufacture of structural proteins, the DNA is able to
influence the physical appearance of a cell. By
controlling the production of enzymes, the DNA is able to
control all aspects of cellular metabolism and thus
control the activity and biological functions of the cell.
question
The element sulfur has an atomic number of 16 and
an atomic weight of 32. How many neutrons are in the
nucleus of a sulfur atom?
answer
The number of neutrons in an atom is equal to the
atomic weight minus the atomic number. Thus, sulfur
has 32 - 16 = 16 neutrons. The atomic number indicates
the number of protons, so a neutral sulfur atom contains
16 protons plus 16 electrons to balance the protons
electrically. The electrons would be distributed as
follows: 2 in the first level, 8 in the second level, and the
remaining 6 in the third level.
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