AP Bio Ch. 5 Exam- Membranes And Cell Signaling

The movement of potassium into an animal cell requires

Glycolipid

The solutions in the two arms of this U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and glucose but not to sucrose. Side A is half-filled with a solution of 2 M sucrose and 1 M glucose. Side B is half-filled with 1 M sucrose and 2 M glucose. Initially, the liquid levels on both sides are equal. After the system reaches equilibrium, what changes are observed?

Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from ATP hydrolysis? A. Movement of carbon dioxide out of a paramecium. B. Movement of Na+ ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid C. Movement of glucose molecules into a bacterial cell from a medium containing a higher concentration of glucose than inside the cell. D. Movement of water into a cell E. Facilitated diffusion of chloride ions across the membrane through a chloride channel

Which of the following is the greatest advantage of having multiple steps in a transduction pathway? A. Many of the steps an be used in multiple pathways B. Each step can be activated by several G proteins simultaneously. C. Having multiple steps in a pathway requires the least amount of ATP D. Each individual step can remove excess phosphate groups from the cytoplasm E. Having multiple steps provides for greater possible amplification of a signal

Which of the following is true of transcription factors? A. They regulate the synthesis of lipids in the cytoplasm B. They initiate the epinephrine response in animal cells C. They control gene expression D. They transcribe ATP into cAMP E. They regulate the synthesis of DNA in response to a signal.

Cell membranes are asymmetrical. Which of the following statements is the most likely explanation for the membrane's asymmetrical nature? A. The chemical constitution of the inner and outer layer of the cell membrane is predetermined by genes. B. Because cell membranes communicate signals from one organism to another, the cell membranes must be asymmetrical. C. Proteins only function on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane, which results in the membrane's asymmetrical nature. D. The two sides of a cell membrane face different environments and carry out different functions. E. Because the cell membrane forms a border between one cell and another in tightly packed tissues such as epithelium, the membrane must be asymmetrical.

Celery stalks are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a 0.15 M salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that

According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids? A. They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane. B. They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other C. They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane D. They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the membrane E. They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution

Which of the following is characterized by a cell releasing a signal molecule into the environment, followed by a number of cells in the immediate vicinity responding? A. Paracrine Signaling B. Autocrine Signaling C. Endocrine Signaling D. Hormonal Signaling E. Synaptic Signaling

A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water- equal to the volume of blood lost - is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion?

Which of the following processes includes all others? A. Osmosis B. Diffusion of a solute across a membrane C. Facilitated diffusion D. Passive transport E. Transport of an ion down its electrochemical gradient

Testosterone functions inside a cell by

The movement of the hydrophobic gas nitrous oxide (N2O) (laughing gas) into a cell is an example of

When protein membrane receptors are activated, what usually happens?

When a neuron responds to a particular neurotransmitter by opening gated ion channels, the neurotransmitter is serving as which part of the signal pathway?

Singer and Nicolson's fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposed that membranes

Glucose diffuses slowly through artificial phospholipid bilayers. The cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move large quantities of glucose from the glucose-rich food into their glucose-poor cytoplasm. Using this information, which transport mechanism is most probably functioning in the intestinal cells? A. Active transport pumps B. Simple diffusion C. Exocytosis D. Phagocytosis E. Facilitated diffusion

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease in humans in which the CFTR protein, which functions as a chloride ion channel, is missing or nonfunctional in cell membranes. The CFTR protein belongs to what category of membrane proteins? A. Aquaporins B. Hydrophilic channels C. Gap junctions D. Cotransporters E. Electrogenic ion pumps

When a membrane is freeze-fractured, the bilayer splits down the middle between the two layers of phospholipids. In an electron micrograph of a freeze-fractured membrane, the bumps seen on the fractured surface of the membrane are

Based on an image of a Plasma Membrane with a proton pump powered by ATP allowing in H+ and a Sucrose-H+ cotransporter releasing H+ and sucrose, which of these experimental treatments would increase the rate of sucrose transport into the cell?

The function of phosphatases in signal transduction is best described as to

Which component is the fiber of the extracellular matrix?

In receptor-mediated endocytosis, receptor molecules initially project to the outside of the cell. Where do they end up after endocytosis?

Which component is a microfilament of the cytoskeleton?

Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as testosterone, cross the membranes of all cells but affect only target cells because

Water passes quickly through cell membranes because

Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion? A. It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration B. It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell C. It is very rapid over long distances D. It requires integral proteins in the cell membrane E. It is an active process in which molecules move from a religion of lower concentration to one of higher concentration

A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes contained in

In which of the following ways do plant hormones differ from hormones in animals? A. Plant hormones interact primarily with intracellular receptors B. Animal hormones are primarily for mating and embryonic development C. Plant hormones may travel in air or through vascular systems D. Animal hormones are found in much greater concentration E. Plant hormones are synthesized from two or more distinct molecules

The solutions in the two arms of this U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and glucose but not to sucrose. Side A is half-filled with a solution of 2 M sucrose and 1 M glucose. Side B is half-filled with 1 M sucrose and 2 M glucose. Initially, the liquid levels on both sides are equal. Initially, in terms of tonicity, the solution in side A with respect to that in side B is

What is the voltage across a membrane called?

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane? A. It has few, if any, hydrophobic amino acids. B. It requires the expenditure of cellular energy to function C. It is a peripheral membrane protein D. It works against diffusion E. It exhibits a specificity for a particular type of molecule.

In order for a protein to be an integral membrane protein it would have to be

Which component in the plasma membrane is cholesterol?

Proton pumps are used in various ways by members of every domain of organisms: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. What does this most probably mean?

What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?

Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45 M NaCl. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater?

When a plant cell, such as one from a peony stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur?

Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly? A. Glucose B. CO2 C. Starch D. An amino acid E. K+

Which of the following is true of integral membrane proteins? A. They are usually transmembrane proteins B. They serve only a structural role in membranes C. They are not mobile within the bilayer D. They lack tertiary structure E. They are loosely bound to the surface of the bilayer.

Phosphorylation cascade involving a series of protein kinases are useful for cellular signal transduction because

The primary function of polysaccharides attached to the glycoproteins and glycolipids of animal cell membranes is

The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals

Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane? A. Nucleic acids and proteins B. Glycoproteins and cholesterol C. Phospholipids and proteins D. Phospholipids and cellulose E. Proteins and cellulose

The sodium-potassium pump is called an electrogenic pump because it

Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for typical plant and animal cells. A. The animal cell is in a hypertonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution B. The animal cell is in an isotonic solution, and the plant is in a hypertonic solution C. The animal cell is an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution D. The animal cell is in a hypotonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution E. The animal cell is in a hypertonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution

Which component is the peripheral protein?

Why are lipids and proteins free to move laterally in membranes?

Which of these are NOT embedded in the hydrophobic portion of the lipid bilayer? A. Transmembrane proteins B. Integrins C. Integral proteins D. Peripheral proteins E. Glycoproteins