American Government: Chapter 3 Study Guide

American colonists experienced three different types of government in which of these sequences? A. unitary system, confederal system, federal system B. unitary system, federal system, confederal system C. confederal system, federal system, unitary system D. federal system, confederal system, unitary E. confederal system, unitary system, federal system

Today, the majority of the world's governments have which system of government? A. federal system B. confederal system C. unitary system D. authoritarian system E. representatitve system

Under which type of governmental structure do independent sovereign governments cooperate on specified governmental matters, but retain sovereignty over all other governmental matters within their jurisdictions? A. federal system B. confederal system C. representative system D. authoritarian system E. unitary system

Which body retains primary jurisdiction over local governments? A. none-local government are sovereign B. state government C. the federal government D. the Supreme Court E. the governor in each state

The relationship of a state government and local governments is BEST thought of as a(n) A. federal system B. confederal system C. representative system D. authoritarian system E. unitary system

Roughly how many local governments does each state have? A. 2-3 B. 20-30 C. 50-100 D. 100-500 E. More than 500

Most Americans live under the jurisdiction of at least how many governments simultaneously? A. three B. four C. five D. ten E. more than twelve

Which of the following states has the largest number of local governments? A. Alabama B. Montana C. Vermont D. California E. South Carolina

Which of the following are considered concurrent powers available to federal, state, and local governments? A. the authority to make policy B. the authority to raise money C. the authority to establish courts to interpret policy D. the authority to implement policy E. All these answers are correct.

Which of the following is MOST CLOSELY related to the concept of implied powers? A. necessary and proper clause B. supremacy clause C. Tenth Amendment D. Commerce clause E. the power to tax

The elastic clause is related to which of the following concepts? A. enumerated powers B. reserved powers C. implied powers D. concurrent powers E. All of the above

The supremacy clause, which establishes the supreme law of the land, is mentioned in which article of the Constitution? A. Article I B. Article III C. Article IV D. Article V E. Article VI

What view does the Constitution take regarding the legal status of Native American nations? A. They are considered special interest groups B. They are considered local governments C. They are considered local governments D. They are considered sovereign foreign nations E. They are considered outside the Constitution's legal framework

How many Native American nations are recognized today by the federal government? A. 5 B. 55 C. 355 D. 450 E. more than 550

Where do most Native Americans live today? A. on reservations B. in rural areas C. in cities D. in mountainous states E. in the south and east

The powers accorded to the states in the Tenth Amendment are known as ________ powers. A. police B. reserved C. implied D. concurrent E. enumerated

What percentage of states must ratify a constitutional amendment for it to pass? A. simple majority B. 3/5ths C. 2/3ths D. 3/4ths E. 7/8th

Which of the following is a power of state governments, not the national government? A. establish criminal laws B. regulate banks C. build and maintain infrastructure D. redistrict U.S. house districts E. All of these answers are correct

McCulloch v. Maryland was decisive because it A. ruled in favor of state-centered federalism B. asserted that the necessary and proper clause was a restriction on the power of the national government C. affirmed that national law is supreme over conflicting state law D. established the Supreme Court's power to judge constitutional issues E. allowed for a narrow reading of the Constitution

In its 1824 Gibbons v. Ogden decision, the Supreme Court A. provided a broad definition of commerce B. gave a narrow interpretation of necessary and proper clause C. asserted the supremacy of states' rights D. established the power of judicial review E. overturned the earlier McCulloch v. Maryland decision

Which case saw the Supreme Court strike down the national Gun-Free School Zones Act as unconstitutional? A. Ogden v. Gibbons B. Marbury v. Madison C. Lochner v. Ellison D. United States v. Lopez E. Garcia v. San Antonio Transportation Authority

The impact of which event on Americans led to the passage of the Social Security Act of 1935? A. World War I B. the Great Depression C. the Spanish Civil War D. German hyperinflation E. the Florida real estate crash of 1929

Collectively, state-to-state obligations and their mandated relationships are known as A. horizontal federalism B. vertical federalism C. confederalism D. unitary federalism E. privileges and immunities

Which branch of government oversees interstate compacts? A. Congress B. state governors in each affected state C. the federal judiciary D. state supreme courts E. the president

Which of the following has the power under the Constitution to request or refuse extradition? A. state legislatures B. state governors in each affected state C. the federal judiciary D. state supreme courts E. the Supreme Court

In most states, how long must new residents wait until they can register to vote? A. 3 days B. 7 days C. 30 days D. 90 days E. 180 days

The full faith and credit clause, which asserts states must recognize each other's public acts, records, and judicial proceedings, is located in which article of the Constitution? A. Article II B. Article III C. Article IV D. Article VI E. Article VIII

What phrase is used by political scientists to describe the way state judges base decisions on state constitutions when those laws grant more liberties and rights than those guaranteed under the U.S. Constitution? A. horizontal fereralism B. judicial federalism C. judicial libertarianism D. judicial individualism E. interstate compacts

Which type of power relationship prevailed between the national government and the states between 1789 and 1932? A. horizontal federalism B. judicial federalism C. cooperative federalism D. dual federalism E. centralized federalism

Which of these eras saw the appearance of cooperative federalism? A. 1789-1861 B. 1861-1870 C. 1882-1932 D. 1932-1963 E. 1963-1969

Whose presidency marked the appearance of centralized federalism, where the national government imposed its own policy preferences on state and local governments? A. Abraham Lincoln B. Ulysses Grant C. Theodore Roosevelt D. Franklin Roosevelt E. Lyndon Johnson

Which of these pairs of presidents are most closely associated with new federalism, or devolution? A. Andrew Jackson and William McKinley B. Ulysses Grand and Andrew Johnson C. Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson D. Dwight Eisenhower and Harry Truman E. Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan

What term has been coined to describe today's national-state government relations? A. conflicted federalism B. new federalism C. centralized federalism D. cooperative federalism E. dual federalism

The layer cake analogy, in which there is a clear distinction between the powers and responsibilities of the different levels of government, is MOST applicable to A. conflicted federalism B. new federalism C. centralized federalism D. cooperative federalism E. dual federalism

Over the last few years, enforcement of federal marijuana laws has A. been vigorously applied B. been applied only in states with medical marijuana laws C. not occurred because it was declared unconstitutional D. been carried out by National Guard troops E. primarily been left to state and local officials

In ____ the states of ________________ legalized marijuana for recreational purposes. A. 1998; California and Oregon B. 2004; Vermont and Washington C. 2010; Colorado and California D. 2012; Washington and Colorado E. 2014; Texas and Georgia

Which three constitutional amendments have been most influential in shaping the national-state power relationship? A. fourth, fifth, and sixth B. eighth, ninth, and fourteenth C. tenth, fourteenth, and sixteenth D. fourteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth E. sixteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth

What event significantly influenced the national-state power relationship? A. the Louisiana Purchase B. the War of 1812 C. the Civil War D. the Spanish-American War E. World War I

The ________ Amendment legally ended slavery in every state. A. twelfth B. thirteenth C. fourteenth D. fifteenth E. sixteenth

Passed in 1913, which constitutional amendment powerfully enhanced the national government's ability to raise money? A. B. C. D. E.

The theory that states have the authority to invalidate national laws is known as A. B. C. D. E.

Which legal case saw the Supreme Court apply the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause? A. United States v. Lopez B. Garcia v. San Antonio Transportation Authority C. Pruneyard Shopping Center and Fred Sahadi v. Michael Robins et al. D. Lochner v. Ellison E. Bush v. Gore

Passed in 1913, which constitutional amendment powerfully enhanced the national government's ability to raise money? A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th D. 17th E. 18th

The theory that states have the authority to invalidate national laws is know as A. state supremacy B. preemption C. devolution D. nullification E. mandates

About how many dollars were transferred from the national government to state governments in 2010 in the form of grants-in-aid? A. $400 billion B. $500 billion C. $600 billion D. $200 billion E. $100 billion

What percentage of total spending by the national government went to the states as federal grants-in-aid in 2010? A. 95% B. 22% C. 17% D. 10% E. 5%

According to some scholars, passage of which amendment led to a substantial loss of influence of state governments in national policy-making? A. Ninth B. Tenth C. Eleventh D. Seventeenth E. Eighteenth

The provision of categorical and block grant money by the federal government to state and local governments has resulted in a relationship between the two of A. cooperative federalism B. dual federalism C. centralized federalism D. horizontal federalism E. fiscal federalism

Historically, which of these has been the MOST COMMON form of national grant-in-aid to the states? A. categorical project grants B. matching funds grants C. block grants D. categorical formula grants E. national priority grants

What type of national grant-in-aid requires state and local governments to compete for funding by writing needs-based proposals? A. categorical project grants B. matching funds grants C. block grants D. categorical formula grants E. national priority grants

Which type of governmental transfer of funds gives states the MOST latitude in the use of the money? A. categorical project grants B. matching funds grants C. block grants D. categorical formula grants E. national priority grants

Which 1923 court case saw state government opposition to conditions within national grants come to a head? A. Bush v. Gore B. Lochner v. Ellison C. United States v. Lopez D. Massachusetts v. Mellon E. South Dakota v. Dole

Clauses in national laws that direct state and local governments to do something specified by the national government are known as A. declarations B. categorical grants C. mandates D. supplementary clauses E. preemptive clauses

The fact that states must enforce a national law that is based on a constitutionally enumerated or implied power even if the state government has its own law on the matter is based on the principle of A. categorical grants B. intergovernmental relations C. mandates D. fiscal federalism E. preemption

What features and abilities must a government have to govern effectively? A. authority to formulate and approve a plan of action B. authority to raise and spend money C. authority to hire workers and take action D. authority to raise and spend money, and to hire workers and take action E. the government must have all of these to govern effectively

What term is used by political scientists to describe the collaborative effort of two or more levels of government? A. federalism B. confederalism C. intergovernmental relations D. governmental collaboration E. inter-public partnership

Which branch of government in the United States is responsible for education policy? A. state government B. local government C. federal government D. the president E. the Supreme Court

No Child Left Behind A. was passed over President George W. Bush's veto B. provided no specific funding for education C. required testing of all children in grades 3 through 8 D. required testing of all children in grades K through 12 E. placed education firmly under the control of the national government

Which levels of government provide funding for elementary and secondary education? A. state government B. local and state government C. federal and local government D. local and state government (ye I know repeat) E. federal, state, and local governments

The implementation of education policy rests primarily with A. local governments B. state governments C. the national government D. the national and state governments E. that national and local governments