Chapter 3 example #4713

29 October 2022
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1. The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
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A. was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 2012. B. initially had the support of nearly every single state. C. was passed by strong bipartisan majorities. D. is a voluntary program with no penalties for nonparticipation. E. None of these answers are correct. <----
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2. (p. 67) ________ opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.
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Patrick Henry
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3. The writers of the Constitution established a federal system of government in part because
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the states already existed as established entities and had to be preserved.
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4. Sovereignty refers to
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supreme and final governing authority.
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5. In 1787, most countries in the world had a(n)_______form of government.
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unitary
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6. (p. 70) Which choice below describes the American change in governmental structure in 1787?
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confederal to federal
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7. (p. 70) In America today, public education is primarily the responsibility of
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state and local government
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8. (p. 70) Which of the following is a national power only?
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A. law enforcement B. intrastate commerce C. borrowing money D. transportation E. national defense<-------
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9. (p. 70) Which of the following is almost exclusively a state power?
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registering voters
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10. (p. 70) Which of the following is a concurrent power held by both the national government and state governments?
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taxation
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11. (p. 70) The Constitution allows states to
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govern intrastate commerce
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12. (p. 71) All the following countries have a unitary or modified unitary form of government EXCEPT
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A. Canada.<--------- B. Sweden. C. France. D. Japan. E. Great Britain.
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13. (p. 72) Which of the following was an argument in favor of federalism at the time of the writing of the Constitution?
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A. Federalism will protect liberty. B. Federalism will force officials to be more responsive to the people. C. Federalism will provide for a stronger national government than existed under the Articles of Confederation. D. Federalism will be less likely to produce an all-dominant faction. E. All of these answers are correct.<----
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14. (p. 72) According to ________, a large republic is less likely to have an all-powerful faction.
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James Madison
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15. (p. 73) The enumerated powers in Article I of the Constitution were intended to
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establish a government strong enough to forge a union that was secure in its defense and stable in its economy.
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16. (p. 73) The federal government's power to tax, regulate commerce among the states, and declare war are all examples of ________ powers.
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enumerated
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17. (p. 74-75) Which of the following is NOT an enumerated power?
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public education
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18. (p. 75) Which of the following is most closely related to the concept of implied powers?
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necessary and proper clause
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19. (p. 75) The elastic clause is related to which of the following concepts?
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implied powers
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20. (p. 75) According to the Anti-Federalists, too strong of a national government meant
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eventual encroachment upon the sovereignty of the states.
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21. (p. 76) The Tenth Amendment addressed the concerns of Anti-Federalists about
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the powers of state governments.
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22. (p. 76) Viewed in historical terms, federalism has been a
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contentious and dynamic system that has adapted to the needs of the time.
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23. (p. 78) McCulloch v. Maryland
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affirmed that national law is supreme to conflicting state law.
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24. (p. 79) Which of the following individuals would agree that each state should be allowed to determine for itself the extent to which national authority restricts its actions?
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John C. Calhoun
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25. (p. 79) The doctrine of nullification is most closely associated with
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John C. Calhoun
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26. (p. 79) All of the following embraced the "national view" of federalism EXCEPT
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Roger Taney
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27. (p. 80) Through its Dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court
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ruled that Congress could not outlaw slavery anywhere in the United States.
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28. (p. 80) From President Abraham Lincoln's perspective, the decision to wage a civil war against the southern states is best summarized in what fashion?
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The union was older than the states.
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29. (p. 80) Dual federalism held that
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a precise separation of national and state authority was both possible and desirable
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30. (p. 80) What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution upon the concept of dual federalism?
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It created dominant business interests that raised questions about the suitability of dual federalism as a governing concept.
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31. (p. 80, 86) A blending of state and national authority is associated with ________ federalism, while a separation of national and state authority is associated with ________ federalism.
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cooperative; dual
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32. (p. 80) The only counterforce that was potentially strong enough to control the business trusts of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was
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government
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33. (p. 81) The period of dual federalism (1865-1937) was marked by
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business supremacy in the area of commerce
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34. (p. 81) The "separate but equal" standard was created by
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The Supreme Court
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35. (p. 81) Which decision is indicative of how the Supreme Court interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment and state discretion in civil rights matters in the decades after the Civil War?
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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36. (p. 83) In Lochner v. New York (1905), the Supreme Court ruled that
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state regulation of labor practices violated firms' property rights.
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37. (p. 83) At the worst depths of the Great Depression, approximately __ percent of workers were unemployed.
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25
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38. (p. 84) In key decisions early in the New Deal era, the Supreme Court
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invalidated key pieces of FDR's New Deal legislation.
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39. (p. 84) During the Great Depression of the 1930s, the national government
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asserted the power to regulate the nation's economy
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40. (p. 85) In its 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision, the Supreme Court gave the federal government more power in the area of
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civil rights enforcement
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41. (p. 85) The expansion of national authority in the twentieth century first became evident in this decade:
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1930s
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42. (p. 86) Devolution is the
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passing of authority from the national government tot hte state and local levels.
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43. (p. 86) National authority has greatly expanded in the twentieth century in large part because
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the states and federal government have become increasingly interdependent.
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44. (p. 86) A public policy program on which national, state, and local policymakers collaborate is an example of
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cooperative federalism
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45. (p. 86) ________ is an illustration of cooperative federalism.
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Medicaid
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46. (p. 88) Fiscal federalism refers to the
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expenditure of federal funds on programs run in part through state and local governments.
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47. (p. 88) Which of the following statements is true?
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The federal government raises roughly as much revenue from taxation as all state and local governments combined.
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48. (p. 89) Roughly one in every ________ dollars spent by local and state governments in recent decades was raised not by them but by the government in Washington.
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five
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49. (p. 89) If a state accepts a federal grant-in-aid, it must
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comply with federal restrictions on its use.
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50. (p. 89) In what decade did federal grants-in-aid NOT expand significantly?
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1980s
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51. (p. 90) States in which region receive more of their revenue from the federal government than do most other states?
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the South
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52. (p. 91) Political conservatives who favor more political power devolved back to the states would likely prefer which of the following?
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block grants
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53. (p. 91) Federal grants-in-aid used only for a designated activity are called
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categorical grants.
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54. (p. 92) ________ advocated a "new federalism."
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President Ronald Reagan
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55. (p. 92) What did Reagan promote as part of his version of "new federalism"?
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the use of block grants over categorical grants
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56. (p. 92) What did Newt Gingrich declare about federalism in 1994?
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that the 1960s-style federalism was dead
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57. (p. 92) The TANF aspect of the Welfare Reform Act
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was a block grant that, among other aspects, restricted federal assistance to five years.
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58. (p. 93-94) Starting in the 1990s, the Supreme Court has rolled back some of the power of the national government, basing its decisions primarily on interpretations of these two amendments:
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Tenth and Eleventh.
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59. (p. 94) The No Child Left Behind Act
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was part of the reversal of the devolution movement.
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60. (p. 95-96) The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
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decreased state control over health insurance.
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61. (p. 97) From 1789 to 1865, the most significant issue of federalism was
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whether the states would accept the lawful authority of the national government.
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62. (p. 70-72) Describe the differences between a federal system of government and a unitary system.
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The United States has a federal system of government, in which sovereign authority is divided between a national government and state/regional governments. In other words, federalism is a system where sovereignty, or ultimate governing authority, is divided between national and regional governing levels. In a unitary system, sovereignty is vested solely in the national government, and all subunits of that government have authority only to the degree that the national government grants it, which can also withdraw any such grant.
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63. (p. 73-76) Explain the differences among enumerated, implied, and reserved powers.
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The powers of the national government are listed (enumerated) in Article I of the Constitution. They are designed primarily to allow the national government to declare war, regulate interstate commerce, issue currency, and establish an army and navy. Implied powers allow the national government a degree of flexibility to enable it to respond to changing circumstances; the necessary and proper clause, also called the elastic clause, gives Congress the power to make all laws that are necessary and proper to the execution of its enumerated powers. All powers not specifically granted to the national government and not specifically denied the states are reserved for the states by the Tenth Amendment, which was meant to guard the states against encroachment by the national government.
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64. (p. 76-85) Beginning with the Articles of Confederation and continuing through the modern period, explain how the commerce power of the national government has related to the issue of national authority.
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Under the Articles, the national government had no effective control over commerce, which contributed to the economic problems that resulted in the writing of the Constitution. The Constitution gave the national government the power to regulate interstate commerce, thereby facilitating the development of the United States as a national entity. The Industrial Revolution created an unprecedented degree of national interdependence. Until the 1930s, however, the Supreme Court sharply limited national economic regulatory policies by ruling that commerce among the states included transportation but excluded areas related to production (such as the use of child labor). During the New Deal, however, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress's commerce power was as "broad as the needs of the nation," opening the constitutional path to a national economy regulated by policies made in Washington, D.C.