Chapter 3 Government

A centralized governmental system in which ultimate governmental authority rests in the hands of the national, or central government

A system consisting of a league of independent states, each having essentially sovereign powers. the central government created by such a league has only limited powers over the states

Powers Specifically granted to the NATIONAL GOV. by the constitution. The first 17 clauses of Article 1 Section 8 specify most of the enumerated powers of the national government

the Clause in Article I, Section 8, that grants Congress the power to do whatever necessary to execute its specifically delegated powers

The authority to legislate for the protection of the health, morals, safety, and welfare of the people. In the U.S., most of the police power is reserved to the states

Powers held jointly by the national and state governments

The constitutional provision that makes the Constitution and federal law superior to all conflicting state and local laws

An agreement between two or more states. Agreements on minor matters are made without congressional consent, but any compact that tends to increase the power of the contracting states relative to other states or relative to the national government generally requires the consent of Congress

The section of the Constitution in which Congress is given power to regulate trade among the states and with foreign countries

A model of federalism in which the states and the national government each remain supreme within their own spheres. The doctrine looks on nation and state a co-equal sovereign powers. Neither the state gov. nor the national gov. should interfere in the other's sphere. (During the Civil War time)

A model of federalism in which the states and the national government cooperate in solving problems

A model of federalism in which specific programs and policies (depicted as vertical pickets in a picket fence) involve all levels of government-national, state, and local (depicted by the horizontal boards in the picket fence)

Federal grants to states or local governments that are for specific programs or projects

Federal programs that provide funds to state and local governments for broad functional areas, such as criminal justice of mental-health programs

A requirement in federal legislation that forces states and municipalities to comply with certain rules

The transfer of powers from a national or central government to a state or local government

Unicameral system

at the national or central level

It is the form of government used in the U.S. today

Divided between the central government and regional or sub-divisional governments

The national government has all the power so states play a small role DEFENSES for: political experimentation can be used to see if policies are workable, the government is in closer contact with the people because of the role given to states governments, it allows for differences among the regions of the country, it is a better system for the U.S. than a unitary system because of the size of the U.S.

That state and local interests can block progress and impede national plans

1. Powers of the national government 2. Powers of the states 3. Prohibited Powers

the enumerated or expressed powers

the necessary and proper clause (elastic clause)

International treaties, setting up the postal service, and printing money

A sovereign power among nations

reserved to the states respectively, or to the people

Concurrent powers

the necessary and proper clause and the powers of the national government to regulate interstate commerce

the Supreme Court ruled the national government could only use its express powers

the commerce clause did not allow the national government to exercise its power in state jurisdictions

commerce clause

Only state governments can regulate commerce

the dispute over states' rights and national supremacy

they are expressly given to the national government

make treaties with foreign nations

Reserved and concurrent powers

States cannot use their reserved or concurrent powers to thwart national policies

Refrain from making agreements that do not include all 50 states

An interstate compact

Congress is required to consent and does so

Assert the power of the state governments over the national government and indicate that a state should have the ultimate authority over its citizens

An increase in the South's desire for states' rights

abolished slavery, sought to guarantee equal rights under state laws, gave the right to vote to African Americans, and defined who was a citizen of the United States

a revival of states' rights and a reduction in national power

was drastically REDUCED in power

declared the national income tax to be unconstitutional

after 1937 the S.C. continued to reject New Deal legislation

Roosevelt tried but failed to expand the Court by adding six new justices

Are give by the states for national projects

federal grants to states or local governments for specific programs

dispense funds based on variables such as state population and need

categorical grant

have requirements in federal legislation that force states to comply with certain rules

Block grant

Liberals

increased federal control over education and educational funding

Conflicts between states and the federal government are still continuing, expansion of national authority has typically been an engine of social change, and often states' rights has been used to support the status quo

held that Congress exceeded its constitutional authority, said the act act attempted to regulate an area that had nothing to do with commerce, and placed a limit on national government authority under the commerce clause

has final say on constitutional issues, plays a significant role in determining the line between federal and state powers, has given increased emphasis to states power under the 10th Amendment

has been sending mixed signals in federalism cases, has changed some of its previous rulings about state and federal powers, and has supported both the federal government and states in different rulings

EPA has the authority and responsibility to regulate carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases

Conservatives

been establishing limits on the national government's powers under the commerce clause

Public Education

Embassy in Libya

McDonough

filibustering

immigration