Negotiation between union leaders and business management is called
answer
collective bargaining
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Why was this picture most likely taken?
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to expose the horrors of child labor
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When union leaders negotiate with business management, it is called
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collective bargaining
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As the 1800s progressed, demands for labor reform increased mainly because
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working conditions were horrible.
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What was going on in Europe that most likely influenced the reform movements of the 1800s?
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Revolutions were spreading across Europe.
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Britain abolished slavery
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in 1833, before the United States did.
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What did factory owners do to prevent unions from forming?
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They used force to end union activities
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What were the two main reasons workers formed unions?
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as a form of social protest and to protect themselves from poor work conditions
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The word for political or social change is
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reform
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During industrialization, what were the attitudes toward slavery?
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Calls for the abolition of slavery increased
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Who was instrumental in leading the movement for child labor reform?
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Lewis Hine
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Women did not get the right to vote in Britain or in the United States until
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the 1920s
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What was one way the passage of the Factory Acts (1844-1847) affected labor?
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Labor's work hours were limited.
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What moderate reforms did European socialists support? Check all that apply.
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assistance for the poor
better working conditions
minimum wage laws
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In a free market, supply and demand determines
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the type and number of goods produced.
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According to Karl Marx, the economic ideas behind socialism would lead to a
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communist revolution
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Adam Smith believed that fair prices for goods are determined in a capitalist system
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through competition between businesses.
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Karl Marx developed the economic theory of
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communism.
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In a dictatorship of the proletariat, who controls the government?
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working classes
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Which statement best explains Smith's point?
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Businesses acting in their own interests expect something in return for their services.
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During industrialization, which led to an exploration of new economic theories?
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a gap between rich and poor
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In general, which best explains why communist revolutions did not happen?
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Capitalist governments enacted reforms.
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What two principles form the basis for capitalism?
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private ownership and free markets
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Which best explains what Marx hoped to get across?
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Workers are slaves and should be inspired to revolt.
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Working conditions were horrible.
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As the 1800's progressed, demands for labor reform increased. What was the main reason for this?
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Social protest and to protect themselves from poor working conditions.
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What were the two main reasons workers formed unions?
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They used force to end union activities.
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What did factory owners do to prevent unions from forming?
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The change from hand goods to machine goods
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What was industrialization?
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the movement to end slavery
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What is abolition?
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Calls for the abolition of slavery increased.
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During industrialization, what were the attitudes toward slavery?
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A highly religious man who tried to end slavery in Britain.
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Who was William Wilberforce?
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In 1807, he achieved a ban on British slaves.
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How was William Wilberforce, a member of Parliament, able to affect the future of slavery in Britain?
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In 1833, before the United States.
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When did Britain abolish slavery?
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It gave voting rights to the middle class.
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What was a major accomplishment of the British Reform Act of 1832?
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1920's
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When did women get the right to vote in Britain and the United States?
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Lewis Hine
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Who was instrumental in leading the movement for child labor reform?
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Political or social change
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What is reform?
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A worker negotiating with an employer for better working conditions or pay
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What is collective bargaining?
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Collective bargaining
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What would be labor's first step in solving labor problems and effecting change?
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laws that limited child labor and provided a little education at their place of work
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What are the Factory Acts?
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Labor's work hours were limited.
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What was one way the passage of the Factory Acts affected labor?
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Compulsory education and attendance laws were passed.
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What happened, in the 1870's, in both the United States and Britain that limited child labor?
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It abolished slavery.
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What did the 13th amendment do?
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Revolutions were spreading across Europe.
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What was going on in Europe that most likely influenced the reform movements of the 1800's?
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Only 5% were able to vote.
Only wealthy landowners were able to vote.
Large cities were extremely underrepresented.
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What were 3 major problems of the British parliamentary system?
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The joined unions.
They formed women's suffrage organizations.
They won property rights.
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Name 3 ways did women use their positions in the workforce to demand rights?
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Workers can lose their jobs.
Factory production can be stopped.
Profits can be threatened.
Strikes sometimes can turn violent.
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Name 4 things that can happen when unions decide to strike.
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In both Britain and the United States, what happened in the 1870s that limited child labor?
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Compulsory education and attendance laws were passed in both countries.
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What were the major problems in the British parliamentary system? Check all that apply.
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Only five percent of the population was able to vote.
Only wealthy landowners were able to vote.
Large cities were extremely underrepresented.
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How did women use their positions in the workforce to demand rights? Check all that apply.
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They joined unions.
They formed women's suffrage organizations.
They won property rights.
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Workers competed for jobs in the model factory started by Robert Owen because
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he built schools.
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As economic theories, socialism and communism sought to
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even out inequalities of wealth.
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What does the author argue is most responsible for America's wealth?
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the achievements of individuals who have worked to create wealth for themselves
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What are the characteristics of capitalism? Select all that apply.
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Farms and factories are owned by private individuals.
People are free to pursue their own self-interests.
Supply and demand determine which goods, and how many, are produced.
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What was the authors' most likely purpose in writing this passage?
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to inspire the workers of the world to join the communists
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According to Smith, what is the primary economic motivation for most people?
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to find employment where they can make the most money
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According to the passage, how do people pursuing their own self-interests benefit society?
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The highest-paying jobs are also those that benefit the society the most.
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What is the main idea of this passage?
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Industrialization has created poor working and living conditions for the people.
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Which of these lines from the text provides a clue that Engels is a socialist and therefore opposed to capitalism?
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"the attempts of the proletariat to rise above this abasement"
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In terms of production, what best describes the difference between capitalism and socialism?
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Capitalism is a system in which goods are made by private businesses, but socialism stresses government control over production.
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