Microeconomics Chapter 3

14 October 2022
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question
What does the law of demand state?
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states that price and quantity demanded are inversely related.
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Graphically, the market demand curve is:
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the horizontal sum of individual demand curves.
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The relationship between quantity supplied and price is _____ and the relationship between quantity demanded and price is _____.
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direct, inverse
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A demand curve indicates what?
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indicates the quantity demanded at each price in a series of prices.
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What do the income and substitution effects account for?
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the downward sloping demand curve.
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When an economist says that the demand for a product has increased, this means that:
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consumers are now willing to purchase more of this product at each possible price.
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By an increase in demand we mean that :
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the quantity demanded at each price in a set of prices is greater.
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The quantity demanded of a product increases as its price declines because the:
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demand curve is downsloping.
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The law of supply indicates that:
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producers will offer more of a product at high prices than they will at low prices.
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The upward slope of the supply curve reflects the:
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law of supply.
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A surplus of a product will arise when price is:
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above equilibrium with the result that quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded.
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If we say that a price is too high to clear the market, we mean that:
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quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded.
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Productive efficiency refers to:
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the use of the least-cost method of production.
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If an economy produces its most wanted goods but uses outdated production methods, it is:
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not achieving productive efficiency.
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Allocative efficiency is concerned with:
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producing the combination of goods most desired by society.
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Allocative efficiency involves determining:
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the mix of output that will maximize society's satisfaction.
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The equilibrium price and quantity in a market usually produces allocative efficiency because:
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marginal benefit and marginal cost are equal at that point.
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Price floors and ceiling prices:
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interfere with the rationing function of prices.
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A price floor means that:
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government is imposing a minimum legal price that is typically above the equilibrium price.
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An effective ceiling price will:
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result in a product shortage.
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An effective price floor will:
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result in a product surplus.
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Price ceilings and price floors:
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interfere with the rationing function of prices.
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A price ceiling means that:
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government is imposing a legal price that is typically below the equilibrium price.
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If a legal ceiling price is set above the equilibrium price:
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neither the equilibrium price nor equilibrium quantity will be affected.