Unit 8 Answers

7 November 2022
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fertilization
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The union of the ovum and sperm is called _______.
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conventional
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According to Kohlberg, most adolescents are at the _______ level of morality.
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menopause
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The cessation of menstruation and ovulation is called _______.
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preconventional morality
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Obedience to rules because of the fear of punishment is a characteristic of _______.
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wear-and-tear theory
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The theory in which aging is attributed to our bodies' organs and cell tissues simply wearing out with repeated use and abuse is called _______.
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conservation
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According to Piaget, the ability to understand that simply changing the appearance of an object does not change the object's nature is known as _______.
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chromosomes
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Rod-shaped structures in the cell nucleus that contain genes are referred to as _______.
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d
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Which of the following is an example of telegraphic speech? a. "ba ba ba ba ba" b. "bottle" c. "but I just runned home" d. "pet dog"
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a
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Monozygotic twins _______. a. are genetically identical b. are genetically different c. will be of different sexes d. are more likely to occur when a woman is taking fertility drugs
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social and cultural interactions
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In contrast to Piaget, Vygotsky emphasized the role of _______ during development.
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b
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Which of the following illustrates Vygotsky's concept of scaffolding? a. Several children work together to overcome an obstacle they could not conquer individually. b. A teacher works one-on-one with a student and then begins to withdraw help as the student becomes more skilled. c. Physical interaction with the environment is a key to learning, so teachers require students to run and play a great deal. d. Learning in one area, such as language, tends to reinforce learning that occurs in other areas, such as mathematics.
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concrete operations
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In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development between 7 and 12 years of age, in which an individual becomes capable of logical thought processes but is not yet capable of abstract thinking, is the _______ stage.
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longitudinal
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In a _______ design, one group of participants is followed and assessed as the group ages.
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attachment
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The emotional bond that forms between an infant and a primary caregiver is called _______.
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cross-sectional design
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Professor Grant is interested in studying the development of a sense of humor. She collects data from groups of 6-year-olds, 16-year-olds, 26-year-olds, and 46-year-olds. What type of research design is Professor Grant using?
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adolescence
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The period of life from about age 13 to the early twenties, during which a young person is no longer physically a child but is not yet an independent, self-supporting adult, is called _______.
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cross-sequential design
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The type of research design that compares various participants at several points in time to examine age-related differences and changes is called a _______.
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zygote
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At fertilization, the chromosomes from the father's sperm unite with the chromosomes from the mother's egg, creating a new cell called a(n) _______.
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human development
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The scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age from conception to death is called ________.
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cognitive development
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Jean Piaget is noted for his theory of _______.
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dominant
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A gene that actively controls the expression of a trait is called a _______ gene.
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intimacy vs isolation
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Erikson saw the major challenge of young adulthood as that of _______.
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dizygotic twins
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Mary and Juan are twins who developed from two separate fertilized ova that were fertilized by two different sperm. What type of twins are they?
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authoritarian
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Germain tends to rule his home with an iron fist. His children know the rules and they are expected to obey them without question, or there will be harsh consequences. Diana Baumrind would describe Germain's parenting style as _______.
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preoperational
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According to Piaget, the stage of cognitive development between 2 and 7 years of age, in which the child learns to use words, images, or actions to understand the world, is the _______ stage.
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avoidant
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Which type of attachment style is characterized by babies who do not seem to care very much whether the mother is present or absent, and are equally comfortable with her and a stranger?
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formal operational
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Which of Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development is characterized by abstract thinking and the creation of hypotheticals?
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the female sex cell
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Ovum is a term used to describe _______.
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difficult
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According to Thomas and Chess, a child that is very irregular in their schedules, resists change, and tends to be loud is labeled a(n) _______ child.
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teratogen
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Which of the following terms is used to describe any substance, such as a drug, chemical, or virus that can bring about a birth defect?
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autonomy vs shame and doubt
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Which of Erik Erikson's psychosocial crises revolves around the child's learning to direct his or her own behavior?
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zone of proximal development
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Which of the following is the term that refers to the difference between what a child can do alone and what that child can do with the help of a teacher
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DNA
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Which of the following is a special molecule that contains the genetic material of the organism?
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critical periods
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Times when certain internal and external influences have a major impact on development are called _______.
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gene
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A(n) _______ is a section of DNA containing a sequence of amines.
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denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
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The correct sequence of the five stages of death and dying postulated by Kübler-Ross is ________.
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imaginary audience
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Simone's family does not have a lot of money. Simone's mom buys her clothing from the local super store. Simone believes that other students notice that she doesn't wear brand name clothes. This is an example of _______.
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identity
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Jeremy is 17 years old. According to Erikson, his chief task will be acquiring a sense of ________.
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fetal
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The prenatal period during which tremendous growth occurs and the organs continue to develop and become functional is called the _______ period.
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object permanence
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Piaget's term for the knowledge that an object exists even when it is out of sight is _______.
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babbling
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A baby's language, which consists of repetition of consonant-vowel combinations, is called _______.
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vision
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Which sense is the LEAST functional at birth?
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d
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Puberty is defined as _______. a. the time when a child becomes a teenager b. the stage of identity versus role confusion c. the production of hormones in the reproductive glands stimulated by the pituitary gland d. the physical changes that occur in the body as sexual development reaches its peak
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denial
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Mr. Beluga has just been told that he has a rare form of cancer. He insists that there has been a mistake and asks his physician to retake his medical tests. According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, Mr. Beluga is most likely in the _______ stage of dying.
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sensorimotor
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In Piaget's theory, the stage of development between birth and 2 years of age, in which the individual uses senses and motor abilities to interact with objects in the environment, is called the _______ stage.
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walking
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Which of these physical skills typically develops LAST?
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a
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of temperament described by Thomas and Chess? a. active b. difficult c. slow-to-warmup d. easy
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recessive
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A gene that only influences the expression of a trait when paired with another less active gene is called _______.
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nature; nurture
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_______ refers to heredity and _______ refers to environmental influences.
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embryonic period
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Emily and her husband are thrilled as they peer into Emily's uterus by means of an ultrasound. The physician reports that the pregnancy appears normal, and that their baby' s fingers, toes, heart, and circulatory system are developing as expected. The couple learns that the baby is only an inch long. Given this information, the current stage of prenatal development is the _______.