HSC4233 Patient Health Education Exam 1 (Module 1-3)

4 September 2022
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Which learning theory focuses on what is "inside" the learner's head?
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Cognitive Learning Theory
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Which learning theory is the result of connections made between the stimulus condition in the environment and the individual's responses?
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Behaviorist Learning Theory
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Which learning theory emphasizes the role of internal processing such as motivation?
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Psychodynamic Learning Theory
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This theory assumes that much of learning occurs by observation and is a social process.
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Social Learning Theory
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Identify the learning theory: Learning is a result of connections made between the stimulus conditions in the environment and the individual's response.
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Behaviorist
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What is something that happens after a response occurs that strengthens the probability that the response will be performed again under similar circumstances?
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Reinforcer
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The following stages (Attention, Sensory Processing, Short-Term Memory Storage, Long-Term Memory Storage, Action, and Response) pertain to which cognitive approach?
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Information Processing
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A useful paradigm that helps nurses to organize and carry out the education process is the _____________________ model?
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ASSURE
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Analyze the learner, State the objectives, Select the instructional methods and materials, Understand the learner's teaching preference, Require learner performance, Evaluate the teaching plan and revise as necessary
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The ASSURE model
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Paul is a 30 year old male who is not even considering quitting smoking and is extremely resistant when asked. Where is Paul in the Stages of Change model?
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Precontemplation
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Components of the ASSURE Model
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Analyze learner State objectives Select method Understand the learner's teaching style Require performance Evaluate
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ARCS Motivation Model
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Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction
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This model provides learners with the necessary time and effort to acquire new knowledge and skills.
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ARCS motivation model
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This model predicts that whether a person practices a particular health habit can be understood by knowing the degree to which the person perceives a personal health threat and the perception that a particular health practice will be effective in reducing that threat.
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Health Belief Model
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Constructs of HBM
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1. Perceived susceptibility 2. Perceived severity 3. Perceived benefits 4. Perceived barriers 5. Cues to action 6. Self-efficacy
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PEEK model
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1. Physical 2. Emotional 3. Experimental 4. Knowledge readiness
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This acronym helps nurses determine the readiness of a patient to learn.
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PEEK
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Operant and respondent conditioning are both principles of what theory?
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Behaviorist
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Self-Efficacy Theory
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The perception of one's ability to perform a task successfully; situation-specific form of self-confidence
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Certain information is focused on while other information in the environment is ignored is an example of what stage in the Cognitive Learning Theory?
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Attention
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Information is processed by using one or more of the senses is an example of what stage in the Cognitive Learning Theory?
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Sensory Processing
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Information is briefly transferred, after which it is either disregarded or forgotten is an example of what stage in the Cognitive Learning Theory?
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Short-term Memory Stage
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Information is stored by using a strategy, such as forming a mental picture is an example of what stage in the Cognitive Learning Theory?
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Long-term Memory Stage
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Based on how information is processed and stored is an example of what stage in the Cognitive Learning Theory?
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Action and Response
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The eventual success of disease prevention is determined by the clients' willingness to participate and their health is highly valued is an example of what health model?
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Health Belief Model
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This model emphasizes increasing the level of well-being using approach behaviors rather than avoidance of disease behaviors.
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Health Promotion Model
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This model has been used to study health behaviors like smoking cessation and dietary habits?
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Stages of Change Model
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One's belief of expected outcomes will alter the specific course of action is an example of what health model?
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Self-Efficacy Theory
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Positive growth undermined by society is an example of what theory?
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Humanistic Theory
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Emphasis on emotions is an example of what theory?
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Psychodynamic Learning Theory
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Learning through observation is an example of what theory?
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Social Learning Theory
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Focuses on what is "inside" the learner is an example of what theory?
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Cognitive Learning Theory
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Learning is a result of the connections made between the stimulus conditions in the environment and the individual's responses is an example of what theory?
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Behaviorist Theory
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Learning based on assumptions that each individual is unique and that all individuals have a desire to grow in a positive way is an example of what theory?
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Humanistic Theory
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Based on the work of Sigmund Freud, largely a theory of motivation with the emphasis on the emotions rather than the responses to the environment or the perceptions or thoughts is an example of what theory?
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Psychodynamic Theory
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Focuses on what goes on "inside" the learner's, especially learner's perceptions, thoughts, memory and the ways of processing and structuring information is an example of what theory?
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Cognitive Learning Theory
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Observing the role model is what stage of the Social Learning Theory?
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Attention Phase
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Processing what has been observed is what stage of the Social Learning Theory?
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Retention Phase
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Copying observed behavior is what stage of the Social Learning Theory?
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Reproduction Phase
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Having reasons to imitate based on reinforcements given is what stage of the Social Learning Theory?
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Motivational Phase
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The belief that one is capable and competent of accomplishing specific behaviors is an example of ________________________________________________
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Self-Efficacy Theory
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Sue thinks she is susceptible to the flu and wants to make sure she is protected by getting her flu shot. However, she is afraid it might cost a lot and doesn't know where she can get one is an example of _____________________________________________________
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Health Belief Model
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This theory believes self-care can be performed when the patient and provider have equal power and share an alliance.
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Therapeutic Alliance Model
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Gary has been smoke-free since 2009. He rcently started smoking again and has relapsed back to the contemplation stage is an example of ____________________________________________
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Stages of Change
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Per the Stages of Change model, no further risk of relapse places someone at ____________________________ stage.
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Termination stage
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Per the Stages of Change model, an individual maintaining behavior over time places them at ___________________________________ stage.
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Maintenance stage
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Per the Stages of Change model, individual actively changes behavior places them at ___________________________________ stage.
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Action stage
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Per the Stages of Change model, the individual plans to make a change soon places them at ___________________________________ stage.
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Preparation stage
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Per the Stages of Change model, individual identifies the problem and considered making the change places them at ___________________________________ stage.
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Contemplation stage
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Per the Stages of Change model, individual makes no plans to change places them at ___________________________________ stage.
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Precontemplation stage
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Who identified the Cognitive Learning Theory?
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Jean Piaget
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What are the stages of the Cognitive Learning Theory?
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1. Sensorimotor stage 2. Preoperational stage 3. Concrete Operations stage Formal Operations stage
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Who identified the Behaviorist Learning Theory/Operant conditioning?
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B. F. Skinner
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Who identified the Behaviorist Learning Theory/Respondent conditioning?
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Ivan Pavlov
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Who identified the Id, Ego, and Superego of the Psychodynamic Theory?
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Based on the work of Sigmund Freud
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Who identified the Humanistic Learning Theory?
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Abraham Maslow
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What learning style theory goes with the word, "diverger?"
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Kolb's Cycle of Learning
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What learning style theory goes with the word, "musical?"
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Gardner's 7 Types of Intelligence
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What learning style theory goes with the word, "environmental?"
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Dunn & Dunn Learning Styles
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What learning style theory goes with the word, "sensing-intuition?"
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Jung & Meyers-Brigg Typoligy
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Example: Helps explain why people don't participate in healthy behaviors?
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Health Belief Model
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Uses compliance, adherence, and alliance?
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Therapeutic Alliance Model
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Deals with the belief that one is competent and capable of accomplishing a specific behavior.
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Self-Efficacy Theoy
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Motivation and readiness to change are important constructs.
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Stages of Change Model
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The "U" stands for understanding the learner's teaching preference in this process.
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ASSURE
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Determinants of Learning:
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1. Consist of learning needs 2. Readiness to learn 3. Learning styles.
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What are the learning types using the Kolb's cycle:
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1. Accomodator 2. Diverger 3. Converger 4. Assimilator
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This perspective emphasizes the importance of perception in learning.
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Gestalt
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Desire to move towards a goal describes the ______________________ axiom of learner readiness.
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Motivational
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What does the P in PEEK stand for?
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Physical Readiness
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Motivational axioms
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State of optimal anxiety Learner readiness Realistic goals Learner satisfaction/success Uncertainty reduction or maintenance
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The education process is a systematic, logical, planned course of action consisting of two major independent operations ____________________ & _______________________.
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Teaching & Learning
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Observation, interviews, and learning style instruments are mechanisms used to determine a person's _______________________ style.
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Learning
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Based on Kolb's Cycle of Learning, people with this learning style find practical application for ideas and theories and have the ability to use deductive reasoning to solve problems?
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Converger
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Based on Kolb's Cycle of Learning, people with this learning style learn best by hands-on experience and enjoy new and challenging situations.
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Accommodator
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Based on Kolb's Cycle of Learning, people with this learning style are good at viewing concrete situations from many points of view.
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Diverger
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Based on Kolb's Cycle of Learning, people with this learning style demonstrate the ability to understand large amounts of information by putting it into concise and logic form.
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Assimilator
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Measures of ability, complexity of task, environmental effects, health status, and gender are components of what type of readiness?
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Physical
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Anxiety level, support system, motivation, risk-taking behavior, frame of mind, and developmental stage are components of what type of readiness?
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Emotional
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Level of aspiration, past coping mechanisms, cultural background, locus of control, and orientation are components of what type of readiness?
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Experimental
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Present knowledge base, cognitive ability, learning disabilities, and learning style are components of what type of readiness?
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Knowledge
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Environmental, emotional, and sociological are all components of _______________________________
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Dunn & Dunn Learning Style
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Diverger, Assimilator, Converger, Accommodator are all components of _______________________________
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Kolb's Cycle of Learning
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Linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, and musical are all components of _______________________________
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Gardner's 7 Types of Intelligence
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What are the stages of Piaget's cognitive development in order?
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Sensory motor Preoperational Concrete Formal
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Considering Gardner's Seven Types of Intelligence, children who have strong personalities and prefer the inner world of feelings and ideas, and like being alone describe _________________________________
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Intrapersonal intelligence
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Linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic are all types of intelligenc based on ______________________________________
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Gardner's Seven Types of Intelligence
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Displays intelligence through experiments and question asking
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Logical-mathematical
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Likes to try a new task first-hand and often have highly developed fine motor skills
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Bodily-kinesthetic
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Learns best by having music playing in the background
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Musical intelligence
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Likes to learn by viewing images and often enjoys puzzles and drawing
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Spatial
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Likes to learn by listening and is often very good at writing
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Linguistic
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Prefers to be alone and likes quiet places to learn
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Intrapersonal
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Prefers to learn in groups and is often attuned to to other's feelings
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Interpersonal
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Availability of resources is an example of _______________________ influence.
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Environmental
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Personal attributes Environmental influences Learner relationship systems are all considered _____________________________ incentives.
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Motivational
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The state of optimum ____________________, readiness of the learner, and realistic goal setting are all motivational axioms that set the stage for motivation.
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Anxiety
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Physiological, safety, love, self esteem, and self actualization are part of ______________________________________
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
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Identified four stages of development
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Piaget
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Infancy, toddlerhod, early childhood, middle and late childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, middle-aged adulthood, older adulthood are all developmental stages identified by
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Erickson
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Sensorimotor stage takes place between
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Birth to 2 years
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Preoperational stage takes place between
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Ages 2 to 7
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Concrete operational stage takes place between
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Ages 7 to 11
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Formal operational stage takes place between
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Ages 12 and up
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Need to be perceived as competent, have confidence and independence, and have status, recognition, and appreciation.
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Esteem
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Need to have basic survival needs met.
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Physiological
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Need for security, stability, structure, and protection, as well as freedom from fear.
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Safety
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The need to fulfill one's potential.
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Self-actualization
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Need to give and receive affection.
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Belonging and love
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The principles of autonomy, veracity, nonmalfeasance, confidentiality, beneficence, and justice were woven through the AHA's ________________________________ in 1992.
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A Patient's Bill of Rights
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Major ethical principles to patient education include:
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Autonomy Veracity Confidentiality Nonmalfeasance Beneficence Justice
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Results when an educational program charges a fee for its service
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Cost recovery
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When patient length of stay are shortened or fall within the allocated DRG time frame
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Cost savings
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Occurs when patients satisfaction with an institution is increased as a result of the services it renders
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Cost benefit fee for its services
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Not directly related to the actual delivery of an educational program
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Indirect costs
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An individual's right to make his/her own decisions regarding medical treatment and healthcare services
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Autonomy
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Fairness and equality when distributing goods and services
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Justice
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"Do no harm" lies at the heart of legal decisions
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Nonmalfeasance
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Protection of privileged information
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Confidentiality
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Truth telling, closely connected to informed decision making and informed consent
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Veracity
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"Do good" requirement to perform critical tasks and duties in care of patients as specified
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Beneficence
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Health educators perform the act of teaching using specific instructional methods and tools in the element of the education process
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Implementation
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The education process, consists of these basic elements
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Assessment Planning Implementation Evaluation
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When a person's inner value system is expressed through external behaviors
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Moral
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Definition: the doing or not doing of an act, pursuant to a duty, that a reasonable person in the same circumstances would or would not do and the acting or non-acting is the proximate cause of injury to another person or his property.
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Negligence
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Fairness and equality when distributing goods and services
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Justice
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A person's right to make his/her own decision regarding medical treatment and healthcare services
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Autonomy
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Standards of acceptable behavior
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Ethics
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One's inner values, expressed through external behavior
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Moral
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Rules of behavior that are enforceable under threat of punishment or penalty
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Legal
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Submission or yielding to predetermined goals
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Compliance
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Truth telling
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Veracity
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"Do no harm"
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Nonmalfeasance
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Resistance of the individual to follow a predetermined regimen
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Noncompliance
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As cited by nurses, lack of ____________________ is the greatest barrier to teaching.
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Time