Topic Review

A. Different individuals have different levels of physical fitness.

C. The force produced in a single maximum effort.

A. The distance jumped is directly related to leg power.

Intensity and time are related components of an exercise program under the principles of FITT. Intensity refers to the difficulty of a particular exercise while time refers to the length of time the exercise is performed. These two principles are related by the fact that the time spent performing an exercise depends on its intensity. Thus, if an exercise is really intense, less time is needed to do it.

C. push-ups

The wall test involves throwing a ball against a wall with one hand and catching it with the opposite hand as it bounces back. It measures the ability of using different body parts in conjunction with one another. While reaction time is somewhat a factor, it is a repetitive, pattern behavior test that makes good coordination a more important factor than agility, power, or speed.

Muscular strength is a measure of how much force a muscle can exert in a single effort, while muscle endurance describes the ability of muscles to contract repeatedly over time. Muscle strength and endurance develop together: that is, building muscle strength also helps build endurance and vice versa. However, some exercises and activities are best for developing muscle strength and others for muscle endurance. Both muscular strength and endurance are important components of health-related fitness.

The amount of exercise a person needs to improve their health depends upon many individualized factors, including personal goals and fitness levels. A person with high levels of physical health will have more significant exercise needs in order to continue improving their health than a less healthy person. In addition, people looking to generally improve their overall health will have very different exercise needs than people looking to target improvement in one area or muscle group.

D. Type

One of the points of performing warm-up exercises is to prevent injury and muscle strain. The best way to ensure that these events do not occur is to warm up the muscles that are going to be used in the exercise regimen.

Exercise uses energy, and when energy expenditure exceeds energy intake, the difference is made up by burning fat. Thus, improving one's cardio respiratory fitness and muscular strength and endurance can help improve one's body composition by changing the ratio of body tissue to fat.

A. Skin-fold test

There are several different kinds of assessments of cardiorespiratory fitness such as timed runs, timed walks, and step tests. The different tests assess the use of different muscle groups as well as different levels of exertion. Running is more intensive than walking, and walking for a mile at a steady pace over level ground uses different muscle groups than stepping up and down repeatedly. Using multiple, different fitness assessments gives a more complete picture of the various factors that contribute to an individual's level of cardiorespiratory fitness.

Sustained physical activity allows the body to work its muscles while providing oxygen to the muscle groups. This activity develops the muscle groups in addition to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems that deliver oxygen to the muscles via blood circulation. Sustained physical activity exercises all these systems in concert and improves cardiorespiratory fitness levels.

B. Time, frequency, intensity, and type