Human Anatomy Chapter 10

24 July 2022
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This structure is composed entirely of dense regular connective tissue and connects bone to muscle.
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A
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Identify the letter that indicates the endomysium.
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D
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This indicates an individual fascicle
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C
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Identify the letter that indicates the epimysium.
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B
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Identify the letter that indicates the muscle fiber.
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E
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This structure is composed of thick (myosin) filaments.
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E
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This structure is the basic unit of contraction.
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B
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Identify the letter that indicates the titin filament.
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D
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This structure is composed of thin (actin) filaments.
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C
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Identify the letter that indicates the I band.
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A
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This type of muscle makes up the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and uterus. A) skeletal muscle B) smooth muscle C) cardiac muscle
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smooth muscle
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This type of muscle is found in the heart. A) skeletal muscle B) smooth muscle C) cardiac muscle
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cardiac muscle
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This type of muscle contains intercalated discs. A) skeletal muscle B) smooth muscle C) cardiac muscle
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cardiac muscle
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This type of muscle includes the fast oxidative fibers. A) skeletal muscle B) smooth muscle C) cardiac muscle
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skeletal muscle
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This type of muscle is found in large vessels leading to and from the heart. A) skeletal muscle B) smooth muscle C) cardiac muscle
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smooth muscle
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A cell of this type of muscle is striated and can be uninucleated or binucleated. A) skeletal muscle B) smooth muscle C) cardiac muscle
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cardiac muscle
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Both single-unit smooth muscle and this type of muscle have gap junctions. A) skeletal muscle B) smooth muscle C) cardiac muscle
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cardiac muscle
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The "cells" of both skeletal muscle and this muscle type are correctly called muscle fibers. A) serous muscle B) smooth muscle C) cardiac muscle
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smooth muscle
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Both cardiac muscle and this type of muscle are called involuntary. A) skeletal muscle B) smooth muscle C) cardiac muscle
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smooth muscle
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This type of muscle attaches to bone, but may also attach to skin, cartilage, fascia or a raphe. A) skeletal muscle B) smooth muscle C) cardiac muscle
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skeletal muscle
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This type of muscle may be affected by rhabdomyolysis. A) skeletal muscle B) smooth muscle C) cardiac muscle
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skeletal muscle
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This type of muscle, along with cardiac muscle, is called visceral muscle. A) skeletal muscle B) smooth muscle C) cardiac muscle
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smooth muscle
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This type of muscle composes the largest share of muscle weight in the human body. A) skeletal muscle B) smooth muscle C) cardiac muscle
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skeletal muscle
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The biceps and the deltoid muscle are of this type. A) skeletal muscle B) smooth muscle C) cardiac muscle
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skeletal muscle
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Contractions of these muscles are under voluntary control. A) skeletal muscle B) smooth muscle C) cardiac muscle
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skeletal muscle
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Much of the natural elasticity of skeletal muscle tissue is provided by A) actin. B) myosin. C) tendons. D) connective tissue sheaths.
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connective tissue sheaths
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Which of these is not in direct contact with thick myofilaments? A) myosin B) actin C) ATPase D) synaptic vesicles
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synaptic vesicles
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum lies A) between fibers but in myofilaments. B) between myofibrils but in fibers. C) between fascicles but outside fibers. D) between muscles but in myofilaments.
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between myofibrils but in fibers.
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Which statement about muscle attachments is false? A) An insertion can be at either attachment point of a muscle, depending on body position and the movement being performed. B) At least one joint is present between an origin and insertion. C) Insertions are usually distal to the origin. D) Upon contraction, the origin is pulled toward the insertion.
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Upon contraction, the origin is pulled toward the insertion.
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An aponeurosis A) connects a muscle to underlying structures through a flat sheet or web. B) consists of a neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates. C) is a type of direct attachment of muscle to bone. D) is the junction between the axon terminus of a neuron to an individual muscle fiber.
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connects a muscle to underlying structures through a flat sheet or web.
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A common characteristic of the three types of muscle tissue is that A) they all have striations. B) contraction is triggered by the release of calcium. C) they all contain sarcomeres. D) they can all use aerobic and anaerobic methods to utilize energy.
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contraction is triggered by the release of calcium.
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Which of the following correctly defines a triad of the sarcomere? A) a T tubule and two adjacent terminal cisterns B) actin, myosin, and titin C) an axon terminal, synaptic cleft, and sarcolemma D) actin, troponin, and tropomyosin
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a T tubule and two adjacent terminal cisterns
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Eccentric contraction A) generates force as the muscle lengthens. B) generates force without changing the length of the muscle. C) pulls the insertion toward the origin. D) shortens the muscle.
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generates force as the muscle lengthens.
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Sarcopenia is A) the loss of muscle mass with age. B) a decrease in the muscle's need for energy. C) a decrease in the amount of actin in the muscle fiber. D) a decrease in the amount of sarcolemma in the muscle fiber.
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the loss of muscle mass with age.
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The embryonic origin of muscle tissue is from A) endoderm. B) mesoderm. C) ectoderm. D) epidermis.
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mesoderm
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As skeletal muscles enlarge in a weight lifter, all of the following occur except A) muscle cells divide mitotically. B) muscle cells grow larger. C) myofilaments become more abundant in the muscle cells. D) myofibrils become more abundant in the muscle cells.
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muscle cells divide mitotically.
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Delayed-onset muscle soreness is caused by A) accumulation of lactic acid. B) depletion of ATP during prolonged activity. C) microscopic tears and resulting inflammation. D) overnight cramps that occur after strenuous exercise.
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microscopic tears and resulting inflammation.
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Titin A) connects myosin to actin. B) forms the Z disk to which actin attaches. C) limits the degree to which a muscle may contract. D) prevents a muscle from being overstretched.
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prevents a muscle from being overstretched.
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Visceral muscle refers to A) skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle. B) cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. C) skeletal muscle and smooth muscle. D) smooth muscle only.
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cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.
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The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) stores A) calcium. B) sodium. C) ATPase. D) myosin.
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calcium
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Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the type with the most mitochondria is A) slow oxidative fibers. B) fast glycolytic fibers. C) fast oxidative fibers. D) slow glycolytic fibers.
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slow oxidative fibers.
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Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the type that produces the most power is A) slow oxidative fibers. B) fast glycolytic fibers. C) fast oxidative fibers. D) slow glycolytic fibers.
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fast glycolytic fibers.
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Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the type containing the most glycogen granules is A) slow oxidative fibers. B) fast glycolytic fibers. C) fast oxidative fibers. D) slow glycolytic fibers.
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fast glycolytic fibers.
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The only muscle cells that branch are ________ muscle cells. A) skeletal B) smooth C) cardiac D) red
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cardiac
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Which type of muscle fiber has no myofibrils? A) skeletal B) smooth C) cardiac D) red
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smooth
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Which protein strengthens the sarcolemma by connecting the cytoskeleton with the extracellular matrix? A) actin B) dystrophin C) myosin D) titin
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dystrophin
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Which type of muscle fiber has caveolae but no T tubules? A) skeletal B) cardiac C) smooth D) white
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smooth
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The area that contains no thin filaments is known as the A) H zone. B) I band. C) intercalated disc. D) A band.
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H zone.
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With intense resistance training, A) fast glycolytic fibers can convert to fast oxidative fibers. B) fast oxidative fibers can convert to fast glycolytic fibers. C) slow oxidative fibers can convert to fast glycolytic fibers. D) slow oxidative fibers can convert to fast oxidative fibers.
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fast glycolytic fibers can convert to fast oxidative fibers.
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Myoglobin A) binds and stores oxygen for ATP production. B) is found within the T tubules. C) is released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. D) provides energy for contraction.
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binds and stores oxygen for ATP production.
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Myofascial pain syndrome is best described as a condition in which A) microscopic tears in muscle fibers result in swelling and inflammation. B) muscle fibers degenerate because of chronic leakage of extracellular calcium. C) muscle fibers contract when the skin superficial to them is stroked. D) pain occurs in at least 11 of 18 standardized points across the body.
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muscle fibers contract when the skin superficial to them is stroked.
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Age-related loss of muscle mass may be influenced by all of these except: A) an increase in the relative proportion of connective tissue to number of muscle fibers. B) decrease in the level of testosterone. C) degeneration of muscle fibers because of accumulation of calcium in the sarcoplasm. D) exhaustion of the supply of muscle satellite cells.
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decrease in the level of testosterone.
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Acetylcholine A) binds to the myosin head, enabling it to form cross-bridges with actin. B) binds to the sarcolemma and initiates an impulse in the muscle fiber. C) breaks down the neurotransmitter that activates muscle fibers. D) is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds to actin.
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binds to the sarcolemma and initiates an impulse in the muscle fiber.
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The sleevelike tubular network within skeletal muscle cells is the A) sarcoplasmic reticulum. B) rough endoplasmic reticulum. C) myofibrils. D) T tubules.
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sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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The type of attachment in which the muscle fibers seem to attach directly to a bone is A) a tendon. B) an aponeurosis. C) an insertion.
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a fleshy attachment.
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Which region of the sarcomere does not change in length during contraction? A) A band B) H zone C) I band D) Z disk to Z disk
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A band
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In limbs, the insertions of muscles almost always lie ________ to their origins. A) proximal B) distal C) lateral D) posterior
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distal
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When the distance between two adjacent Z disks grows shorter, the muscle fiber is experiencing A) concentric contraction. B) eccentric contraction. C) isometric contraction. D) relaxation.
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concentric contraction.
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The ability of the sarcolemma of muscle cells to conduct an impulse is an example of A) contractility. B) excitability. C) extensibility. D) elasticity.
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excitability.
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The characteristic of muscle tissue that results more from its connective tissue components than from its muscle cells is A) contractility. B) excitability. C) extensibility. D) elasticity.
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elasticity
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A muscle fascicle is A) a bundle of cells. B) a single muscle cell. C) a bundle of myofilaments. D) a tendon.
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a bundle of cells.
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An aponeurosis is A) a large muscle. B) a nerve to a muscle. C) clinical pain in a muscle. D) a sheet of dense connective tissue.
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a sheet of dense connective tissue.
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What causes a strain or muscle pull? A) a tear in a muscle B) a tear in a tendon C) pain in a muscle due to any muscle disorder D) a sudden involuntary spasm of a muscle
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a tear in a muscle
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Of the three classes of muscle cells, the only one in which the nuclei lie peripherally instead of centrally is A) skeletal. B) cardiac. C) smooth. D) visceral.
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skeletal.
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In striated muscle cells, which of these structures stores calcium ions that trigger contraction? A) the internal surface of the plasma membrane B) the terminal cisterns C) T tubules D) the myofibrils
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the terminal cisterns
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In striated muscle, the I band is where A) only thick filaments occur. B) thin filaments occur. C) H zones occur. D) thick and thin filaments occur.
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thin filaments occur.
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Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the fibers that experience fatigue sooner are A) slow oxidative fibers. B) fast glycolytic fibers. C) fast oxidative fibers. D) slow glycolytic fibers.
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fast glycolytic fibers.
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Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the fibers most resistant to fatigue are A) slow oxidative fibers. B) fast glycolytic fibers. C) fast oxidative fibers. D) slow glycolytic fibers.
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slow oxidative fibers.
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Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the ones with the thinnest myofibrils are A) slow oxidative fibers. B) fast glycolytic fibers. C) fast oxidative fibers. D) slow glycolytic fibers.
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slow oxidative fibers.
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Of the various types of skeletal muscle fibers, the ones supplied by the most capillaries are A) slow oxidative fibers. B) fast glycolytic fibers. C) fast oxidative fibers. D) slow glycolytic fibers.
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slow oxidative fibers.
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One of the largest and strongest muscles in the body is the gluteus maximus in the buttocks, which is important in these diverse muscular activities; walking, running, and climbing stairs. It must consist of A) slow oxidative fibers only. B) fast glycolytic fibers only. C) fast oxidative fibers only. D) a mixture of fiber types.
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a mixture of fiber types
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In skeletal muscle fibers, which band or zone contains both thick and thin myofilaments? A) Z B) H C) I D) A
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A
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In muscular dystrophy, A) muscles decrease in size because of loss of fat and connective tissue. B) muscle fibers degenerate and atrophy. C) most forms of the disease do not appear to be inherited. D) most cases appear in young females.
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muscle fibers degenerate and atrophy.
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Muscle tissue is endowed with all of the following properties except A) excitability. B) contractibility. C) extensibility. D) transmissibility.
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transmissibility.
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After a muscle fiber has contracted, the calcium A) is destroyed. B) is chemically bound to the myofilaments. C) is secreted by the Golgi apparatus. D) is actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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is actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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Muscle tissue can be characterized as being excitable and elastic, but not extensible
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FALSE
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Skeletal muscle is responsible for movements of the appendages, but not the abdomen
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FALSE
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The origin of a muscle can also be an insertion, depending on the position of the body and the movement being performed.
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TRUE
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Of the surrounding connective tissues of the muscle, the endomysium is the most superficial.
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FALSE
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Skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleate, because they arose from a number of embryonic cells.
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TRUE
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The repeating segments seen in a skeletal muscle fiber are the T tubules.
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FALSE
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The Z disks, sometimes referred to as Z lines, define each sarcomere at both ends.
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TRUE
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Fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers wrapped together within perimysium.
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TRUE
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During contraction, the A band of a sarcomere shortens.
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FALSE
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Delayed-onset muscle soreness is caused by inflammation that results from microscopic tears in muscle fibers following exceptionally strenuous muscle activity.
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TRUE
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Muscular dystrophy is a sex-linked, dominant gene that primarily affects females.
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FALSE
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Fibromyalgia is a muscular disease, and its cause is known to be genetic.
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FALSE
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Skeletal muscles never undergo mitosis after they are fully formed.
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TRUE
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Contraction of a muscle cell requires the influx of calcium into the sarcoplasm.
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TRUE
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Actin and myosin shorten while the muscle is contracting.
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FALSE