Sociology Chapter 4 & 5

a. Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural

Explanation: The correct order is d. Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Agricultural; Horticultural.Hunter-gatherer societies were the first type of society, and they were followed by pastoral societies. Agricultural societies developed after the introduction of irrigation and crop rotation, and horticultural societies developed after the introduction of domesticated plants and animals.

b. Ascribed status

Explanation: Ascribed status is a status that is given to an individual based on factors such as race, gender, or family background that are beyond their control. In contrast, achieved status is a status that an individual earns based on their own merits and accomplishments.Ivanka Trump's status as an heiress to her father's business fortune is an example of an ascribed status. She did not earn this status through her own hard work or talent, but rather because of her family background.

b. An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy

Explanation: Emile Durkheim's functionalist perspective of society viewed it as an organism in which each portion played a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy. He believed that education, kinship, and religion were the three main pillars of society that helped to maintain its stability.

c. Symbolic interactionist

Explanation: The most likely answer is c, Symbolic interactionist. This perspective would focus on the ways that these objects convey messages and create impressions. For example, the gavel conveys authority, the gun conveys power, and the power suit conveys confidence. Each of these objects plays a role in creating and maintaining the image of the person who uses them.

a. The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois

Explanation: Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between the working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois and the bourgeois struggling for the allocation of resources amongst themselves.

c. Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive.

Explanation: c. Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive.

a. People base their images on how they think other people see them.

Explanation: Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that people base their images on how they think other people see them. This means that people's self-esteem and personal identity are influenced by outside social forces, such as the media.

c. It defined the differences between sociology and psychology

Explanation: Emile Durkheim's study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was that it showed the psychological reasons for suicide to be a lie. Durkheim's study showed that suicide is not caused by psychological factors, but by social factors. This was a groundbreaking discovery that changed the way sociologists view suicide.

a. Symbolic Interactionism

Explanation: TheoryThis story fits the Symbolic Interactionism paradigm. This is because the mother is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, and so she is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. This is done through the way that Marla is dressed, with ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair.

a. Carol Gilligan

Explanation: The answer is a. Carol Gilligan. Gilligan's study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality. She found that girls tended to view morality in terms of relationships and caring for others, while boys tended to view it in terms of rules and justice.