Security Chapter 3

The Hashed Message Authentication Code (HMAC) _____. A. encrypts only the message B. encrypts only the key C. encrypts the key and the message D. encrypts the DHE key only

What is the latest version of the Secure Hash Algorithm? A. SHA-2 B. SHA-3 C. SHA-4 D. SHA-5

Alexei was given a key to a substitution cipher. The key showed that the entire alphabet was rotated 13 steps. What type of cipher is this? A. AES B. XAND13 C. ROT13 D. Alphabetic

Abram was asked to explain to one of his coworkers the XOR cipher. He showed his coworker an example of adding two bits, 1 and 1. What is the result of this sum? A. 2 B. 1 C. 0 D. 16

Which of the following key exchanges uses the same keys each time? A. Diffie-Hellman-RSA (DHRSA) B. Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral (DHE) C. Diffie-Hellman (DH) D. Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH)

Public key systems that generate random public keys that are different for each session are called _____. A. Public Key Exchange (PKE) B. perfect forward secrecy C. Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) D. Diffie-Hellman (DH)

What is data called that is to be encrypted by inputting it into a cryptographic algorithm? A. opentext B. plaintext C. cleartext D. ciphertext

Which of these is NOT a basic security protection for information that cryptography can provide? A. authenticity B. risk loss C. integrity D. confidentiality

Which areas of a file cannot be used by steganography to hide data? A. in areas that contain the content data itself B. in the file header fields that describe the file C. in data that is used to describe the content or structure of the actual data D. in the directory structure of the file system

Proving that a user sent an email message is known as _____. A. non-repudiation B. repudiation C. integrity D. availability

A(n) _____ is not decrypted but is only used for comparison purposes. A. key B. stream C. digest D. algorithm

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a secure hash algorithm? A. Collisions should be rare. B. A message cannot be produced from a predefined hash. C. The results of a hash function should not be reversed. D. The hash should always be the same fixed size.

Alyosha was explaining to a friend the importance of protecting a cryptographic key from cryptoanalysis. He said that the key should not relate in a simple way to the cipher text. Which protection is Alyosha describing? A. diffusion B. confusion C. integrity D. chaos

Which of these is the strongest symmetric cryptographic algorithm? A. Data Encryption Standard B. Triple Data Encryption Standard C. Advanced Encryption Standard D. RC 1

If Bob wants to send a secure message to Alice using an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm, which key does he use to encrypt the message? A. Alice's private key B. Bob's public key C. Alice's public key D. Bob's private key

Egor wanted to use a digital signature. Which of the following benefits will the digital signature not provide? A. verify the sender B. prove the integrity of the message C. verify the receiver D. enforce nonrepudiation

Illya was asked to recommend the most secure asymmetric cryptographic algorithm to his supervisor. Which of the following did he choose? A. SHA-2 B. ME-312 C. BTC-2 D. RSA

At a staff meeting one of the technicians suggested that the enterprise protect its new web server by hiding it and not telling anyone where it is located. Iosif raised his hand and said that security through obscurity was a poor idea. Why did he say that? A. It is an unproven approach and has never been tested. B. It would be too costly to have one isolated server by itself. C. It would be essentially impossible to keep its location a secret from everyone. D. It depends too heavily upon non-repudiation in order for it to succeed.

What is a characteristic of the Trusted Platform Module (TPM)? A. It provides cryptographic services in hardware instead of software B. It allows the user to boot a corrupted disk and repair it C. It is available only on Windows computers running BitLocker D. It includes a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG)

Which of these has an onboard key generator and key storage facility, as well as accelerated symmetric and asymmetric encryption, and can back up sensitive material in encrypted form? A. Trusted Platform Module (TPM) B. Hardware Security Module (HSM) C. self-encrypting hard disk drives (SED) D. encrypted hardware-based USB devices

The Practice of transforming information so that it is secure and cannot be accessed by unauthorized parties.

Hides the existence of the data.

When using cryptography, the process of changing the original text into a scrambled message.

Procedures based on mathematical formula used to encrypt and decrypt the data. also called a cipher.

An category that substitutes one character for another by substituting 1 for the letter A, 2 for the letter B etc.

One type of substitution cipher, which the entire alphabet is rotated 13 steps: A=N, B=O, etc.

Another common algorithm that is based on the binary operation eXclusive OR that compares two bits: if the bits are different a 1 is returned, but if they are identical then a 0 is returned.

Numbers for which there is no identifiable pattern or sequence.

An algorithm for creating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate those of a random number.

If a single character of plaintext is changed then it should result in multiple characters of the ciphertext changing.

A means to thwart statistical analysis so that the key does not relate in a simple way to the ciphertext.

The process of proving that a user performed an action such as sending an email message.

Making something obscure or unclear.

The notion that virtually any system can be made secure so long as outsiders are unaware of it or how it functions.

Data actions being performed by "endpoint devices" such as printing as printing a report from a desktop computer.

Actions that transmit the data across a network, like an email sent across the internet.

Data that is stored on electronic media.

Small electronic devices that consume very small amounts of power.

A limitation in providing strong cryptography due to the tug of war between the available resources( time and energy) and the security provided by cryptography.

A small amount of time that occurs between when a byte is input into a crypographic algorithm and the time the output is obtained.

the ability to quickly recover from these resource vs. security constraints.

Some algorithms take one character and replaces it with one character.

Other algorithms manipulates an entire block of plaintext at one time.

Algorithm creates a unique "digital fingerprint" of a set of data.

A revision of MD4 that was designed to address MD4's weaknesses.

A secure hash algorithm that creates more secure hash values then message digest(MD) algorithms.

A hash algorithm that uses two different and independent parallel chains of computation and then combines the result at the end of the process.

A hash function used to authenticate the sender.

The same single key to encrypt and decrypt a document.

One of the first widely popular symmetric cryptography algorithms. no longer considered secure.

A symmetric cipher that was designed to replace DES. No longer considered the most secure symmetric cipher.

A symmetric cipher that was approved by the NIST in late 2000 as a replacement for DES.

An RC stream cipher that will accept keys up to 128 bits in length.

A block cipher that operates on 64-bit blocks and can have a key length from 32 to 448 bits.

A derivation of the Blowfish algorithm that is considered to be strong.

Cryptography that uses two mathematically related keys.

An asymmetric encryption key that does not have to be protected

An asymmetric encryption key that does have to be protected.

The most common asymmetric cryptography algorithm.

An algorithm that uses elliptic curves instead of prime numbers to compute keys.

Electronic verification of the sender.

A U.S. federal government standard for digital signatures.

The process in which keys are managed by a third party, such as a trusted CA.

Key exchange requires Alice and Bob to each agree upon a large prime number and related integer.

A Diffie-Hellman key exchange that uses different keys

Keys that are used only once and then discarded

This uses elliptic curve cryptography instead of prime numbers in its computation.

Public key systems that generate random public keys that are different for each session.

Using statistical tools to attempt to discover a pattern in ciphertexts; also called Ciphertext only attack.

An attack in which the system is forced to abandon the current higher security mode of operation and fall back to implementing an older and less secure mode.

A cryptographic algorithm that is still available but should not be used because of known vulnerabilities.

Breaches of cryptography that are the result of incorrect configuration or uses of the cryptography.

When two files have the same hash.

An attempt to find two input strings of a hash function that produce the same hash string.

A statistical phenomenon that makes finding collisions easier.

A commercial product that is commonly used to encrypt files and messages.

Free and open source software that is commonly used to encrypt and decrypt data.

Encryption that protects all the data on a hard drive.

Drives that can automatically encrypt any data stored on it

A chip on the motherboard of the computer that provides cryptographic services.

A dedicated cryptographic processor that provides protection for cryptographic keys.

Takes as input a string of any length and returns a string of any requested variable length.