the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
question
concepts
answer
mental groupings of similar objects, events, ideas, and people.
question
prototypes
answer
a mental image or best example that incorporates all the features we associate with a category (ex. robin vs. penguin)
question
algorithms
answer
step by step procedures that guarantee a solution. Can be time consuming.
question
heuristics
answer
simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently. Usually speedier but very error prone.
question
insight
answer
a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem. Contrast with strategy based solutions.
question
confirmation bias
answer
a tendency to search for information that supports our preconception and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
question
fixation
answer
the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set.
question
mental set
answer
a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.
question
representative heuristic
answer
judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes. May lead us to ignore other relevant information.
question
availability heuristic
answer
estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory.
question
overconfidence
answer
the tendency to be more confident than correct. To over estimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.
question
belief perseverance
answer
clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
question
intuition
answer
an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning.
question
framing
answer
the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments.
question
A concept is
answer
a mental grouping of similar things
question
The most systematic procedure for solving a problem
answer
algorithm
question
A major obstacle to problem solving is fixation which is:
answer
the inability to view a problem from a new perspective
question
You notice that your next door neighbor is very neatly dressed, wears glasses, and is reading a Greek play. Given a choice between her being a librarian and a store clerk, you incorrectly guess that she is a librarian. You were probably led astray by:
answer
the representativeness heuristic
question
After the 9/11 attacks some observers initially assumed that the 2003 East Coast blackout was probably the work of terrorists. This assumption illustrates:
answer
the availability heuristic
question
When consumers respond more positively to ground beef described as "75% lean" than to the same product labeled "25% fat", they have been influenced by:
answer
framing
question
intelligence
answer
mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
question
general intelligence
answer
a general intelligence factor that. according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.
question
factor analysis
answer
a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score
question
savant syndrome
answer
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has as exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.
question
creativity
answer
the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
question
emotional intelligence
answer
the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.
question
intelligence test
answer
a method for assessing an individuals mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores
question
mental age
answer
a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance.
question
intelligence quotient
answer
ratio of mental age to chronological age (ma/ca x 100)
question
WAIS
answer
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, most widely used test; contains verbal and performance subtests.
question
standardization
answer
defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
question
normal curve
answer
the symmetrical bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes
question
reliability
answer
the extent to which a test yields consistent results
question
validity
answer
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what is it supposed to
question
content validity
answer
the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
question
predictive validity
answer
the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict.
question
The existence of savant syndrome seems to support
answer
Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
question
Gardner's Eight intelligences
answer
multiple abilities that come in packages. linguistic, logical/mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily/kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist
question
Sternberg's three aspects of intelligence are;
answer
academic, practical, and creative
question
Emotionally intelligent people tend to;
answer
succeed in their careers
question
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a creative person? expertise, extrinsic motivation, a venturesome personality, imaginative thinking skills
answer
extrinsic motivation
question
The IQ of a 6 y.o. with a measured mental age of 9 would be
answer
9/6 x 100=150
question
The WAIS is best able to tell us:
answer
how the test taker compares with other adults in vocabulary and arithmetic reasoning
question
A test that is known to have very high reliability means that;
answer
the test yields consistent results, for example in retesting
question
The strongest support for heredity's influence on intelligence is finding that;
answer
identical twins, but not other siblings, have nearly identical intelligence test scores.
question
To say that heritability of intelligence is about 50% means that 50% of
answer
the variation in intelligence within a group of people is attributable to genetic factors.
question
The environmental influence that has the clearest, most profound effect on intellectual development is;
answer
being raised in conditions of extreme deprivation.
Haven't found what you need?
Search for quizzes and test answers now
Quizzes.studymoose.com uses cookies. By continuing you agree to our cookie policy
