psych chapter 3 example #76155

The simultaneous processing of information on many parallel tracks is most closely associated with _____ information processing.

The 90-minute sleep cycle provides an example of: sleep apnea. dissociation. a biological rhythm. dual processing.

Narcolepsy is associated with a relative absence of a hypothalamic neural center that produces _____.

Hypnosis, daydreaming, and meditation are examples of _____ states of consciousness.

The large, slow brain waves associated with NREM-3 sleep are called: sleep spindles. delta waves. REMs. alpha waves.

The sleep disorder called _____ is likely to be accompanied by sleepwalking and sleep talking.

Which state of consciousness occurs spontaneously? daydreaming meditation sensory deprivation hypnosis

Shortly after going to bed, some people claim to have been abducted by space aliens. These people commonly recall floating off their beds. It is most likely that they have incorporated _____ sensations into their memories.

This sleep disorder is characterized by high arousal and feeling frightened. night terrors narcolepsy sleep apnea insomnia

Which subfield of study is interdisciplinary in nature? behaviorism psychoanalysis cognitive neuroscience structuralism

A recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur is known as _____ sleep. NREM-2 NREM-1 NREM-3 REM

The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks is known as _____.

It is at the end of this stage that children may wet the bed or walk in their sleep. NREM-1 sleep NREM-3 sleep NREM-2 sleep REM sleep

According to his wife, Chuck has always been a chronic snorer. For the last three months, he has been waking up in the middle of the night gasping for air. He most likely suffers from: sleep apnea. narcolepsy. insomnia. night terrors.

_____ is one's awareness of oneself and one's environment.

When light dims, it increases the human body's production of _____, the hormone associated with sleep.

Those who complain of insomnia typically _____ how long it actually takes them to fall asleep and _____ how long they actually slept. underestimate; overestimate overestimate; underestimate underestimate; underestimate overestimate; overestimate

A car driver's ability to navigate a familiar route while carrying on an animated conversation with passengers illustrates the importance of _____.

Marshall goes to bed at his regular time, and as he begins to drift slowly off to sleep, he feels as if he is falling down the stairs. His legs jerk. This is best explained by: a circadian rhythm. narcolepsy. a hypnagogic sensation. sleep apnea.

Studying for her final exams, Natividad is forced to do a great deal of memorization. Unfortunately, her next-door neighbor has a dog that barks at night. The dog's barking coincides almost precisely with Natividad's REM sleep cycle, interrupting her ability to dream. Natividad does poorly on her exams. According to the information-processing theory of dreams, an explanation for her poor performance is that the barking interfered with her REM sleep, which interfered with her ability to _____ memories.

Studying for his final exams, Leon is forced to do a great deal of memorization. Unfortunately, his next-door neighbor has a dog that barks at night. Amazingly, the barking coincides almost precisely with Leon's REM sleep cycle, interrupting his ability to dream. Leon does very poorly on his exams. According to the information-processing theory of dreams, an explanation for his poor performance is: the barking interfered with his REM sleep, which interfered with memory consolidation. the barking increased activation synthesis. Leon has a sleep debt. he did not study hard enough.

Without fail, whenever Amanda is talking to her best friend about something important, she continues to check her cell phone. Nevertheless, she seems able to listen attentively and respond appropriately to what Amanda says. The friend's behavior is evidence of: social influence theory. parallel processing. REM rebound. psuedomemories.

The fact that drivers detect traffic signals more slowly if they are also conversing on a cell phone illustrates the impact of _____.

The simultaneous processing of information on many parallel tracks is most closely associated with: sleep apnea. narcolepsy. REM rebound. unconscious information processing.

Change blindness is an example of _____.

To ensure he gets the most he can out of his cruise vacation, Toby stays up late every night while on the cruise. He tries to sleep during the day, but his cabin is too noisy, and he suffers from REM sleep deprivation. What can Toby expect to happen during his first several nights back home? He will dream less. He will experience REM rebound. He will spend more time in periods of deep sleep and less time in REM sleep. He will be more likely to experience night terrors.

Phyllis stays up very late most Saturday nights. She finds Monday mornings tough because she often sleeps until noon on Sunday and has trouble going to sleep at a reasonable time on Sunday night. To prevent her Monday morning problem, Phyllis should go to sleep every day at a(n) _____ time.

Shortly after going to bed, some people claim to have been abducted by space aliens. These people commonly recall floating off their beds. It is most likely that they have incorporated _____ into their memories. sleep apnea sleep spindles narcolepsy hypnagogic sensations

Every night after a late dinner, Immanuel has a strong cup of coffee before working out at the gym. On his way home, he likes to stop for a double-chocolate latte. Finally, he watches the late news and drinks two glasses of red wine, because he heard that red wine is good for you. Based on this routine, sleep experts might predict that Immanuel would be likely to complain of _____.

The recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams occur is called: N-REM2 sleep REM sleep N-REM1 sleep N-REM3 sleep

Susan has been prescribed medication to keep her awake and less likely to fall asleep behind the wheel of her car. She most likely suffers from: sleep apnea. insomnia. narcolepsy. night terrors.

Disagreement exists within the field of _____ about whether conscious experiences are based on specific areas of the brain or the brain working as a whole.

If you gently awaken someone who is in the _____ stage of sleep, there is about an 80 percent chance that person will report being in the middle of an interesting dream.

Chronic sleep deprivation is most likely to contribute to the suppression of the _____ system.

Which sleep disorder is MOST strongly associated with obesity? insomnia narcolepsy night terrors sleep apnea

Parents of newborn babies often complain about being chronically tired, because their infants' crying, feeding, and diaper changes interrupt their sleep. After many nights, they develop what is known as: sleep debt. narcolepsy. night terrors. sleep apnea.

A researcher can tell that a person is looking at an object based on _____ activity.

Our bodies synchronize with the 24-hour cycle of day and night through the _____ rhythm.

The hollow face illusion illustrates: the human ability to attend to one voice among many at a party. failing to see a visible object when one's attention is directed elsewhere. change blindness. how humans have both a visual perception track and a visual action track.

Consciousness is one's awareness of oneself and one's _____.

Josie intently watched a live basketball game and did not realize that a bird had landed on the adjacent empty seat next to her. Her inability to notice the bird can be explained by: cocktail party effect. inattentional blindness. change deafness. choice blindness.

One in 10 adults complains of this sleep disorder, which is characterized by nightly problems falling or staying asleep. narcolepsy sleep apnea insomnia night terrors

Dr. Garcia is researching the function of dreams in memory retention. He believes that dreams help people to sort out the day's events and consolidate their memories. Dr. Garcia is probably a proponent of the _____ theory of dreams. information processing psychoanalytic cognitive development activation synthesis

Change blindness, inattentional blindness, and the cocktail party effect all illustrate _____.

A man who responds successfully to the hypnotic suggestion that he will NOT react to the smell of ammonia held under his nose is likely to be someone who: finds it hard to become riveted by movies. finds it difficult to focus on activities and tasks. tends to daydream. rarely gets absorbed in fiction books.

According to the social influence theory of hypnosis, hypnotized subjects are: deliberately faking. experiencing dissociation. responding to the social demands of the situation. experiencing an altered or special state of consciousness.

_____ is considered by some people to be no more than a social interaction, during which one person suggests to another person that various feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will occur spontaneously. Hypnotism Clairvoyance Parapsychology Psychokinesis

The idea that people who are good at role-playing are good subjects for hypnosis is best explained by the _____ theory.

Research has found NOT found evidence for the concern people had that hypnosis: causes REM rebound. causes the participant to act against his or her will. disrupts circadian rhythms. increases hypnagogic sensations.

A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others is called: REM rebound. the pop-out phenomenon. neuroadaptation. dissociation.

While at a comedy club, Chad sees a hypnotized woman follow a hypnotic suggestion to stand still on one leg (like a flamingo) for five minutes. If that person was not hypnotized, she would be _____ to perform this same feat.

According to the _____ approach, hypnotic phenomena are most likely influenced by a combination of brain activity, focused attention, and social influences.

A researcher is interested in studying hypnosis, but she only wants to include people with high hypnotic ability. She should choose study participants who: are under the age of 40. have rich fantasy lives. are not married. do not have strong imaginations.

If a successfully hypnotized person places her arm in a bucket of ice water, she will likely: refuse to keep it in for long due to the pain. think the water is cold but not painful. feel pain. believe the water is hot.

Many people who are hypnotized can: recall forgotten events. overcome pain. act in ways they would not if they were not under hypnosis. quit smoking 80 percent of the time.

Janeen has two pregnant friends, Meghan and Suzanne. Both complete a series of Lamaze classes, which teach them to dissociate themselves from the pain of childbirth. However, only Suzanne finds that the Lamaze techniques worked for her during delivery because she had _____ hypnotic capability. no low high moderate

_____ is an altered state of consciousness or psychological state of altered attention in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions. Extrasensory perception (ESP) Meditation Hypnosis An out-of-body experience

Dissociation has been used as an explanation for: night terrors. paradoxical sleep. hypnotic pain relief. narcolepsy.

There is no evidence that MOST hypnotized people can quit smoking, _____ forgotten events, or act in ways they would not if they were not under hypnosis.

Social-influence explanations and divided-consciousness explanations are converging toward a unified account of: neuroadaptation. REM rebound. hypnosis. the pop-out phenomenon.

_____ is considered by some people to be no more than a social interaction, during which one person suggests to another person that various feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will occur spontaneously.

Evidence from research on hypnotic susceptibility has demonstrated that on average ______ percent of people have high levels of hypnotic susceptibility.

In an experiment, hypnotized subjects are told to scratch their ears every time they hear the word "psychology." The results indicate that they do this only when they think the experiment is still under way. These findings most clearly support the theory that hypnosis involves: role playing. neuroadaptation. dissociation. hypnagogic sensations.

A researcher is interested in studying hypnosis, but she only wants to include people with high hypnotic ability. She should choose study participants who have rich _____.

Which statement about the effectiveness of hypnosis is false? Research supports the claim that hypnosis cannot reduce the experience of pain. Hypnosis is a commonly used technique for treating problems such as overeating and nicotine dependency Hypnosis is most effective when combined with psychotherapy. Posthypnotic suggestions have helped alleviate headaches, asthma, and stress-related skin disorders.

As a lawyer who practices in the United States, Ronald believes that his client will beat assault charges because the accuser's claim is based on a recollection gathered during hypnosis. Ronald knows that: the court will most likely ban this testimony. the accuser is a liar. the accuser is telling the truth. his client has an alibi.

In line at the supermarket, Sylvia notices a report about a recent alien abduction. She reads the article and learns that the person claims to have realized he was abducted after undergoing hypnosis. Sylvia knows that people who believe in alien abduction: are highly hypnotizable. have a mental illness. are highly credible. have poor imaginations.

Jane has asthma. She wants to find a way to control her asthma without always relying on her rescue inhaler. She visits a hypnotherapist and within a month is less reliant on her inhaler because of the _____ suggestions. posthypnotic hypnotic prehypnotic induced

Neuroadaptation is most likely to contribute to drug _____.

All of the following are ways a person could experience a mystical experience EXCEPT: enduring extreme cold. near-death experience. being isolated from others for a long period of time. having a parietal lobe seizure.

Genetic predispositions and variations in neurotransmitter systems are _____ influences on the onset of drug abuse.

The experience of physical pain following discontinued use of a psychoactive drug best illustrates: withdrawal. REM rebound. narcolepsy. dissociation.

Which of the following drugs increases neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes? barbiturate tranquilizers depressants amphetamines

All of the following are psychological influences as to why a person may abuse drugs except: lacking sense of purpose depression significant stress peer influences

The experience of physical pain following discontinued use of a psychoactive drug best illustrates _____.

As the body is flooded by an artificial opiate, like heroin, the brain stops producing its own natural opiates called _____.

Most children and college students: overestimate how much their peers are using drugs. underestimate how much their peers are using drugs. are accurate predictors about self and peer drug use. can accurately predict their peer's drug dependency but not their own.

According to the World Health Organization, approximately how many people suffer from addiction? 20 million 90 million 50 million 130 million

A(n) _____ , an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest), is often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.

The brain chemical _____ appears to be involved in the biological aspects of drug addiction.

Neuroadaptation is most likely to contribute to which of the following? narcolepsy drug tolerance hypnagogic sensations hypnotic suggestion

Alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates calm neural activity and slow body functions. They belong to the category of psychoactive drugs called _____.

As drug users experience neuroadaptation, they demonstrate signs of _____.

Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal are sometimes prescribed to induce sleep and reduce anxiety. They belong to this class of medications. antidepressants barbiturates opiates alcohol

Drug prevention and treatment programs should emphasize which of the following? All of these things should be emphasized in drug prevention and treatment programs. ways to increase self-esteem and help people find a purpose in life education concerning the long-term cost of drugs as compared to its short-term pleasures training youth in refusal skills

Research on addictive drugs most clearly indicates that most of America's ex-smokers were _____ to kick the habit on their own.

Dr. Brooks has a client who suffers from substance abuse. In therapy, she suggests that his abusive home environment, limited sense of life purpose, and deficient dopamine reward circuits might account for his abuse. Dr. Brooks is most clearly using a(n) _____ approach to understanding addictive behaviors. biopsychosocial activation-synthesis social-influence parallel processing

The perception of vivid geometric images and dreamlike scenes is most likely to be triggered by _____.

A recent newspaper headline reads "Teenagers Use More Drugs If Their Friends Use Drugs." It implies that hanging out with drug-abusing friends can cause subsequent drug abuse. The major problem with this assumption is that it assumes the direction of _____. Alternately, perhaps teenagers who are using drugs may select friends who also use drugs.

One of your friends claims to have a shopping addiction and another reports being addicted to Internet games. To define these types of behaviors as illness is potentially dangerous because it might allow individuals to NOT take _____ for their behaviors.

Nicotine triggers a(n) _____ in anxiety and a(n) _____ in mental alertness. increase; increase increase; decrease decrease; decrease decrease; increase

Tara has always been fearless. Her fearlessness could contribute to the _____ influence on drug vulnerability.

Augustus has chronic back pain and has started taking powerful pain medication to alleviate the pain. His doctor told him to take one pill every four hours, which seemed to manage the pain at first. Now, Augustus finds that he needs to take a(n) _____ dose of medication to relieve the pain.

Alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates calm neural activity and slow body functions. They belong to this category of psychoactive drugs. stimulants antidepressants hallucinogens depressants

It is _____ that membership in fraternities or sororities does NOT influence consumption of alcohol by college students.

Alcohol initially produces feelings of euphoria, talkativeness, and outgoing behavior because it: is a stimulant. depresses activity in the brain regions involved with self-control and judgment, lowering inhibitions. stimulates activity in regions of the brain that are involved with emotion, especially positive emotions. increases activity in the motor regions while simultaneously decreasing activity in sensory regions.

In research examining genes and neurons on addiction, the neurotransmitter _____ appears to be involved.

Your mother must always have an early morning cup of coffee. She usually has several more cups throughout the day. If she misses her daily cups of coffee, she gets a headache. The fact that your mother experiences headaches when she discontinues the use of caffeine is an example of _____. withdrawal symptoms opiate abuse a hypnogogic reverie a circadian rhythm anomaly

The need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued, is known as _____ dependence.

The need for a drug to relieve negative emotions is known as: psychological dependence. physical dependence. social dependence. medical dependence.

Your friend realizes he has an addiction to alcohol and wonders if he can successfully quit on his own. From what we know about addiction, you can tell him _____.

Chemicals that change perceptions and moods through their actions at the neural synapses are referred to as: prescription drugs. illegal drugs. psychoactive drugs. addictive drugs.

Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory by: decreasing the amount time spent in REM sleep. increasing anxiety. increasing self-consciousness. decreasing sleep apnea.

While surfing in Hawaii Marcus was thrown by a huge wave that caused his surfboard to hit his head which cause him to temporarily lose consciousness and almost drown. After being revived by a fellow surfer Marcus reported seeing a light in a tunnel which he felt compelled to enter. He also reported hearing his late grandmother's voice telling him to come towards the light. This experience can be explained as being caused by: oxygen deprivation to the brain. a psychic experience. an LSD flashback. the lingering effects of the alcohol he consumed the night before.

consciousness

cognitive neuroscience

dual processing

blindsight

selective attention

inattentional blindness

change blindness

circadian rythm

rem sleep

alpha waves

sleep

hallucinations

delta waves

insomnia

narcolepsy

sleep apnea

night terrors

dream

manifest content

latent content

rem rebound

hypnosis

posthypnotic suggestion

dissociation

psychoactive drug

tolerance

addiction

withdrawal

physical dependence

psychological dependence

depressents

alcohol dependence

barbiturates

opiates

stimulants

amphetamines

nicotine

methamphetamene

ecstacy

hallucinagins

lsd

near death experience

thc