_____________ are automated systems for the capture, storage, retrieval, analysis, and display of spatially referenced data
answer
Geographic Information Systems
question
Radar systems use radio waves as a means for remote sensing. Radio waves are shorter than which of these waves in the electromagnetic spectrum?
answer
Radio waves are the longest waves
question
Isoline is a generic term that refers to lines joining places of equal value or something. Isolines joining places of equal elevation are known as
answer
contour lines
question
Map projections that preserve the correct shapes of places and compromise area are known as
answer
conformal
question
Globes are less frequently used than maps except for classroom purposes. This is because globes
answer
are cumbersome
question
Which of the following is not an example of a remote sensing system?
answer
Lambert-conformal maps
question
The map legend tells you
answer
how to interpret the map
question
Maps nearly always have a special purpose. This purpose is to
answer
show the distribution of selected phenomena
question
The global positioning system (GPS)
answer
uses satellite measurements to provide navigation on Earth's surface
question
The most famous and, undoubtedly, most widely used of all the map projections is the ________ projection
answer
Mercator
question
_______ is the type of remote sensing imagery best suited to use at night
answer
Thermal infrared
question
The first aerial photographs were taken ________
answer
in the middle 1800s
question
Of the following, which is NOT considered a map essential?
answer
color
question
Which of the following is essential for GPS to function?
answer
highly accurate clocks
question
The largest scale among the following representative fractions is ________.
answer
1:10,000
question
The relationship between the map distance and the corresponding distance on the ground is known as the ________.
answer
scale
question
The scale of one inch equals one mile is ________ in a representative fraction.
answer
1:63,000
question
Which of the below, because of the wavelengths it uses, tends to have the low spatial resolution of Earth surface features?
answer
microwave remote sensing
question
The "false color" imagery of some aerial photographs is also termed ________.
answer
color IR
question
Which mapmaking method would be used to minimize distortion of continents on a world map?
answer
an interrupted projection
question
The characteristic of projections which portray accurate sizes but distort the shapes of land masses is called ________.
answer
equivalence
question
Aside from normal photographic film, ________ film has proven very valuable for interpretation of Earth resources from airborne cameras.
answer
color infrared
question
Central meridians are essential features on a ________ projection.
answer
interrupted
question
Which of the following is considered a "perfect" map projection in terms of the amount of distortion associated with it?
answer
none of the above
question
All map projections have this in common.
answer
some distortion
question
A major disadvantage of oblique aerial photographs as compared to vertical air photographs is that ________.
answer
accurate measurement is more difficult
question
________ is the science of obtaining reliable measurements from photographs.
answer
Photogrammetry
question
One difference between any two different map projections must always be
answer
how the geographic grid is arranged
question
Most of the maps in the text are drawn on ________ projections for an optimal portrayal of worldwide distributions.
answer
equivalent
question
Conformal maps greatly distort ________ of continents in higher latitudes.
answer
sizes
question
By far, the greatest use of thermal IR scanning systems has been
answer
onboard meteorological satellites
question
On which type of aerial imagery would a football field of artificial grass be discernible from natural grass?
answer
color infrared photography
question
Microwave imagery is ideally suited for sensing ________.
answer
moisture
question
On large scale maps, equivalence and conformity can be
answer
simultaneously approximated for small areas
question
The first airborne platform for aerial photography was a ________
answer
balloon
question
The smallest scale of the following is
answer
1:900,000
question
Map projections are mainly derived ________.
answer
mathematically
question
The scale of 1:63,360 is the same as one inch equals ________.
answer
one mile
question
On small scale maps, it is difficult to achieve ________.
answer
equivalence
question
________ is the science of taking reliable measurements from aerial photographs.
answer
Photogrammetry
question
In ________ film photography, the photographic film is sensitive to wavelengths longer than visible light.
answer
color infrared
question
A(n) ________ is the generic term for any map line which joins points of equal value
answer
isoline
question
The property of equivalence portrays accurate size although it ________.
answer
distorts shapes
question
A loxodrome is another term for ________.
answer
rhumb line
question
The main purpose of the interruption of projections is ________.
answer
to highlight continents with minimum distortion
question
The type of remote sensing which penetrates clouds at night for accurate terrain representation is ________.
answer
radar
question
A line connecting points with equal precipitation is known as an ________.
answer
isohyet
question
Isolines have all the properties EXCEPT the following:
answer
They may cross each other
question
A(n) ________ scale remains correct even if the map is enlarged or reduced when reproduced.
answer
graphic
question
The first cartographer to use isolines on a published map was ________.
answer
Halley
question
Three dimensional effects are best obtained with ________.
answer
vertical aerial photographs
question
Together, title, date, and legend on a map are known as
answer
map essentials
question
Which remote sensing systems sense the longest wavelengths?
answer
microwave imaging
question
The scale of "an inch on the map represents two miles on the surface of the Earth" would be CLOSEST to which representative fraction?
answer
1:120,000
question
A disadvantage of globes compared to maps is that globes are not
answer
as portable
question
The original purpose of the Mercator projection was
answer
for ocean navigation
question
In the Mercator projection, which piece of the Earth is portrayed ridiculously large in comparison to its actual size?
answer
Greenland
question
Which of the following is a form of remote sensing?
answer
ALL OF THE ABOVE.
aerial photography, color infrared photography, radar and thermal infrared imaging
question
Radar is an "active" remote sensing system and ________ is a "passive" system using the same wavelengths.
answer
microwave sensing
question
Which of the following refers to an "active" remote sensing system?
answer
radar
question
The most important Earth resources satellite series was started in the 1970s and is known as
answer
Landsat
question
Unlike aerial photography, Landsat imagery is interpreted through ________.
answer
numerical manipulation of various wavelengths
question
MODIS is associated with which satellite series?
answer
EOS
question
Satellite data are analyzed in individual pieces representing several to many meters on the Earth's surface. These pieces are known as
answer
pixels
question
Which of the following bands are NOT used by the Earth-sensing satellites mentioned in the text?
answer
x-rays
question
On color infrared photography, living green vegetation would appear
answer
red
question
If one wished to produce a map which focused on the continents and showed little of the world's oceans, then she/he should use a(n) ________ projection.
answer
interrupted
question
A loxodrome is
answer
a line of constant compass bearing
question
A Mercator map is constructed by projecting the grid of the globe onto a(n) ________.
answer
cylinder
question
Which of the following is the most recent type of Earth resource satellites?
answer
EOS
question
Which of the following is an advantage of radar over all other remote sensing techniques?
answer
It can operate at night
question
Which of the following should contain a brief summary of the map's content or purpose?
answer
the title
question
The explanations of symbols used on a map should be contained in
answer
the legend
question
Which of the following is most closely identified with "multispectral remote sensing"?
answer
Landsat
question
"Scale" relates ________ to ________
answer
map distance, Earth distance
question
Every map projection consists of an orderly arrangement of
answer
the geographic grid
question
Misuse of the Mercator projection is a result of
answer
latitudinal differences in scale
question
How much area is shown in an entire Landsat image?
answer
a few thousand square kilometers
question
A mountain appears in overlapping vertical aerial photographs. Which of the following measurements could be made by use of the photographs?
answer
ALL OF THE ABOVE.
exact altitudes, area, steepness of its slopes and contour lines
question
Radar senses energy in wavelengths longer than 1 ________.
answer
millimeter
question
The ERTS series of satellites, launched in the 1970s, is now known as
answer
Landsat
question
The basic imaging instrument in the Landsat series of satellites is known as the
answer
thematic mapper
question
Aerial photography of the Earth's surface taken from an angle other than straight down is termed ________.
answer
oblique
question
A GIS is a library of information based on
answer
maps
question
Which of the below wavelengths have been most useful in expanding measure biomass?
answer
near infrared
question
Which of the following is NOT associated with Landsat images?
answer
the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum
question
The ________ projection is probably the most famous and well-used projection for world maps.
answer
Mercator
question
In terms of remote sensing, geographers
answer
should not stop using maps and field study
question
On an orthophoto map, one might expect to find
answer
distortion-free photographs
question
Which of the following is the acronym for the system of U.S. Department of Defense satellites which are used to establish exact locations on Earth?
answer
GPS
question
Which of the following has been accomplished using the new geopositioning technology?
answer
ALL OF THE ABOVE.
ocean floor mapping, earthquake prediction, natural disaster damage assessment, and volcano monitoring
question
Geopositioning technology
answer
has accuracies better than the best base maps
question
Which of the following would be used for overlay map analysis where two or more map layers are superimposed or integrated?
answer
GIS
question
Geographic information system technology is a direct result of advances in
answer
ALL OF THE ABOVE.
surveying, computer cartography, spatial statistics, and remote sensing
question
For the geographer, the new mapping tools like remote sensing, GPS, and GIS are best viewed as
answer
adjuncts to field study
question
Which of the following would be a type of application in which a geographic information system could be used?
answer
ALL OF THE ABOVE.
integrating topographic information with vegetation information, environment site assessment, resource management, and environmental monitoring
question
The U.S. version of GPS is dependent on triangulation using a network of at least ________ satellites
answer
24
question
To represent elevation on maps, cartographers use ________, which are a form of isoline.
answer
contour lines
question
________ is what enables aerial photographs to be viewed in "stereo."
answer
Overlap
question
Which of the following choices represents a technology into which the other choices can be used as inputs?
answer
GIS
question
________ is the "major dilemma" of mapmaking explained by the text.
answer
Equivalence versus conformality
question
The global positioning system (GPS) is based on
answer
data from satellites
question
A(n) ________ is a line joining points of equal magnetic declination.
answer
isogonic line
question
A(n) ________ map contains lines joining points of equal elevation.
answer
contour
question
________ are multicolored, distortion-free photographic image maps. Displacements caused by camera tilt or differences in terrain elevations have been removed.
answer
Orthophoto maps
question
To use ________, aerial photographs must be carefully overlapped.
answer
a stereoscope
question
You wish to navigate your yacht from Europe to the United States. Which type of map projection would be most useful?
answer
Mercator
question
Which of the following portions of the electromagnetic spectrum is sensed on FILM?
answer
color infrared
question
Which remote sensing technology demonstrates universal applicability to most problems?
answer
none of the above
question
To construct an isoline on a map it is necessary to
answer
interpolate between points of known value
question
Maps can be made by projecting Earth's spherical grid onto
answer
ALL OF THE ABOVE.
a cone, cylinder, piece of paper and a plane
question
Which of the following is TRUE concerning GPS technology?
answer
The technology is freely available to the public
question
Which of the following is NOT part of a Geographic Information System?
answer
human drawing of isolines on maps
question
A geometrically corrected map consisting of aerial photographs is known as a(n) ________ map.
answer
orthophoto
question
Which of the following forms of remote sensing is based on sound?
answer
sonar
question
An example of a large-scale map is a classroom wall map of the world.
answer
False
question
The earliest aerial photographs were taken from balloons.
answer
true
question
Because they are shaped like the real Earth, globes are usually the best way to convey Earth information.
answer
false
question
At a scale of 1:10,000, the distance of an inch on a map would represent more than a mile on the ground.
answer
false
question
A globe maintains the properties of conformality and equivalence
answer
true
question
A pseudocylindrical projection is a roughly football-shaped map.
answer
true
question
All conformal projections have meridians and parallels crossing each other at right angles, just as they do on the globe.
answer
true
question
Thermal infrared images are the most useful type of images for detecting different vegetation types.
answer
false
question
Choosing the appropriate equivalence projection will result in a map with no distortion in its depiction of Earth features or areas.
answer
false
question
The maps in your physical geography textbook are an example of automated cartography and were produced using desktop computers.
answer
true
question
The Mercator projection is very close to maintaining equivalence in low latitudes.
answer
true
question
A globe is a better model of Earth as a whole than any map.
answer
true
question
Landsat images are unavailable for public use owing to their "top secret" classification by the U.S. government.
answer
false
question
On a Mercator projection, the North Pole would be represented by a line as long as the Equator.
answer
true
question
All map projections have the basic property of equivalence.
answer
false
question
The scale of a map can never be constant all over the entire map.
answer
true
question
On Mercator projection, Greenland's size relative to the United States is greatly exaggerated.
answer
true
question
The original purpose of the Mercator projection was for navigation.
answer
true
question
"Equivalence" in map projections means having no scale changes over the entire map.
answer
false
question
The main useful trait of color infrared photography is its depiction of the states of vegetation.
answer
true
question
Maps are inherently inaccurate because of their attempt to depict the curved Earth on a flat surface.
answer
true
question
The one inch to the mile scale map is a small scale map.
answer
false
question
There are major discrepancies between the true shape of the Earth and that of a globe.
answer
false
question
Conformality and equivalence are, in general, mutually exclusive properties.
answer
true
question
Interrupted projections are neither conformal nor equidistant.
answer
false
question
Images from radar sensors can be acquired only during the daytime.
answer
false
question
A Mercator map shows loxodromes as straight lines.
answer
true
question
The Mercator projection should not be used to show tropical areas because they are greatly distorted in area on this projection.
answer
false
question
A major advantage in using oblique aerial photography is the easy measurement of Earth features.
answer
false
question
Microwave remote sensing is associated with wavelengths much shorter than those of visible light.
answer
false
question
Radar imagery is especially appropriate for terrain analysis.
answer
true
question
A map is usually much smaller than the part of the Earth's surface it represents.
answer
true
question
A map which showed your classroom building as being 6 inches long on the map would be a large scale map.
answer
true
question
There is no possible way to avoid distortion on a map projection.
answer
true
question
The primary reason for use of a stereoscope is to magnify the photos under study.
answer
false
question
Satellites in the SPOT and Landsat series carry identical sensors.
answer
false
question
GPS was originally developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to guide missiles.
answer
true
question
The enhanced thematic mapper on the newer Landsat satellites is a great improvement because it increases the spectral range within each spectral band used.
answer
false
question
A map at large scale generally shows a large portion (continental size or larger) of Earth's surface.
answer
false
question
It is important that all maps have their meridians parallel to each other as they extend east to west.
answer
false
question
Title, date, and legend are three of the five ________ .
answer
map essentials
question
A(n) ________ scale is a type of map scale which makes use of a line marked off in graduated distances.
answer
graphic
question
The representative fraction equivalent to the statement "one inch equals one mile" is ________.
answer
1:63,360
question
________ is the measurement or acquisition of information by a recording device which is not in physical contact with the object under study.
answer
remote sensing
question
One is able to view overlapping vertical aerial photographs in "3 dimensions" using a device called a ________.
answer
stereoscope
question
A ________ is another name for a loxodrome.
answer
rhumb line
question
________ micrometers is a wavelength of visible light (ANY of the wavelengths will do).
answer
any wavelength between .36 and .72 micrometers is acceptable
question
________ is the property of map projections which causes areas to be portrayed at the same relative sizes they are on the globe.
answer
Equivalence
question
________ is the Landsat spectral band used for identification of wetlands, organic soils, and water bodies.
answer
the near infrared
question
The main problem with conformal projections is that ________.
answer
areas must be distorted to show proper shapes
question
________ is an active form of remote sensing based on sound.
answer
sonar
question
A plane projection is obtained by projecting the markings of a center-lit globe onto a flat piece of paper.
answer
true
question
A Great Circle Route is always shown as a curved line on a map projection.
answer
false
question
On a conic projection, the circle of tangency becomes the principal parallel of the map.
answer
true
question
The Wide Area Augmentation System and the Continuously Operating GPS Reference Stations exist to increase the accuracy of GPS measurements.
answer
true
question
A(n)_____ is a recent development in cartography that readily allows computer manipulation of maps of Earth's surface.
answer
digital elevation model
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