Photosynthesis And Cellular Respiration

24 July 2022
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photosynthesis
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process by which plants capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy
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autotroph
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makes own food through photosynthesis
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heterotroph
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uses cellular respiration to get energy from other organisms
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cellular respiration
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releases energy in food to make ATP
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photosynthesis equation
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6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
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cellular respiration equation
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C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
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chlorophyll
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pigment that absorbs the light
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thylakoids
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disk-shaped structured where clusters of pigments are embedded
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ETC
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series of molecules through which excited electrons are passed along a thylakoid membrane
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NADPH
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electron carrier that provides the high energy electrons needed to make C-H bonds in 3rd stage of photosynthesis
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Calvin cycle
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produces a 3-carbon sugar, light independent reaction of photosynthesis
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aerobic/anaerobic
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requires oxygen/doesn't require oxygen
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glycolysis
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breaks down one six-carbon molecule of glucose to two three-carbon pyruvate ions and net gain of 2 ATP
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NADH
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electron carrier; eventually donates electrons to other organic compounds which recycled NAD+
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Krebs cycle
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produces electron carriers that temporarily store chemical energy
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fermentation
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respiration without the use of oxygen; lactic acid or alcoholic
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life processes that require energy
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photosynthesis and cellular respiration
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original source of energy
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sun
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two major energy molecules
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ATP (unstable, used directly by cell) NADPH (stable, used for storage)
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ATP
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unstable energy molecule; releases energy when it gets rid of a phosphate group
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chloroplast
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organelle where photosynthesis takes place
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chlorophyll
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pigment that absorbs sunlight
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photosynthesis reactants and products
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carbon dioxide and water -> glucose and oxygen
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water in LDR
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breaks down to form hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules
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photosynthesis ETC location
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2 ETCs located in thylakoid membrane
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photosynthesis production of ATP
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H+ diffuses out of membrane, ATP synthase uses the energy from this to change ADP into ATP
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electron path in LDR of photosynthesis
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light hits, electrons go through PSII, first ETC, PSI, second ETC, then bond to make NADPH
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NADP+
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bonds with electrons after they complete the ETC in the LDR
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ATP synthase
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enzyme that hydrogen ions diffuse through to produce ATP
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products of LDR that make energy for Calvin cycle
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O2, ATP, NADPH
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Calvin cycle (light independent reaction)
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takes place in stroma; doesn't require light; reactants: CO2, ATP, NADPH; products: glucose
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factors that affect rate of photosynthesis
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light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration
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LDR vs. Calvin cycle
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Location: thylakoid membrane | stroma Light Required? Yes | No Reactants: sunlight, water, ADP, NADP+ | CO2, ATP, NADPH Products: ATP, NADPH, oxygen | glucose
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mitochondria
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energy powerhouse where cellular respiration mainly takes place
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parts of cellular respiration
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1) Glycolysis 2) Krebs cycle 3) ETC and Chemiosmosis
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organisms in which cellular respiration occurs
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both heterotrophs and autotrophs
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glycolysis location
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occurs in cytoplasm, doesn't require oxygen (fermentation)
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aerobic respiration location
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occurs in mitochondria, requires oxygen
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ATP use in organism
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Metabolic and life processes
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electron at end of ETC in cellular respiration
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O2 is final electron acceptor in the ETC; bonds and becomes H2O
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ETC and Chemiosmosis
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produces most of the ATP formed during cellular respiration (32)
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amount of ATP molecules formed during cellular respiration
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36 ATP
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amount of ATP molecules produced from one glucose w/o oxygen
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2 ATP
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lactic acid
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substance produced when not enough oxygen reaches muscles
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similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts
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both have their own DNA, are surrounded by a double membrane, and have enzymes that synthesize ATP
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compare/contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration
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Both transport electrons, involve energy. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water, produces glucose and oxygen, and takes place in chloroplasts. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen, produces carbon dioxide, water, and ATP, takes place in mitochondria.
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cycled vs. constantly required in photosynthesis and cellular respiration
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carbon dioxide, water, glucose, oxygen are reused; energy must constantly be put in by the sun