Nutrition Exam 1 - Chapter 3

Transmission of nerve impulses relies on the concentration of ____ in the neuron.

The constant turnover of body tissues requires the _____ supplied by carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

The ____ system is made up of several glands that act in the regulation of metabolism, reproduction, water balance, and many other functions.

____ is stored within the nucleus of the cell and acts as a code book for synthesizing specific proteins.

The ____ system shelters humans from threats such as diseases and toxins.

What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?

Which large blood vessel is the first to receive most recently eaten nutrients, transporting them to the liver?

Nutrients rich blood leaving the intestine goes by way of a vein to the _____.

After digestion and absorption, which circulatory system carries fat and fat-soluble vitamins?

Most digestion takes place in the ___.

The stomach empties into the small intestine through the ______.

The ring-like muscles that retard or prevent back flow of partially digested food in the gastrointestinal tract are called ____.

How do you define a chyme?

What substance helps suspend fat in a watery digestive mixture, making fat more available to digestive enzymes?

Where are most digestive enzymes produced?

Which nutrient, upon digestion is NOT normally absorbed directly into the bloodstream?

Which organ serves as depot for many vitamins and minerals?

What does the GI tract include?

The study of the ways nutrients and food influence gene expression is called _____.

What percentage of a meal has been absorbed by the time it leaves the small intestine?

Excessive acid production in the stomach or upper small intestine could result in ____.

What pH best describes the environment of the stomach when stimulated?

The function of thick mucus in the stomach is to _____.

When food enters the small intestine, a hormone stimulates the release of ____ from the pancreas.

What substance is primarily involved in the emulsification of fat to facilitate its digestion?

A recurrent and serious form of heartburn is?

A function of the large intestine is to absorb ____.

Constipation can be avoided by?

The walls of the small intestine are folded, and within the folds are fingerlike projections called ____.

When a nutrient moves freely from an area of higher solute concentration into a absorptive cell where the concentration is lower, this is called ___.

When a nutrient moves, with the help of a carrier, from an area of higher solute concentration into a absorptive cell where the concentration is lower, this is called _____.

A compound that allows for communication between one cell and the next is a ___.

The organelles that are known as the "powerhouse" or the "power plants" of the cell are ____.

Nitrogen-containing waste product found in urine is called ___.

Collecting of cells adapted to perform a specific function is called ____.

Tissue lining erosion in the stomach or upper small intestine is called ____.