All the chemical and physical processes involved in maintaining life are referred to as ________.
anabolism
catabolism
homeostasis
metabolism
answer
metabolism
question
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) ________.
transports oxygen in various metabolic pathways
picks up and delivers hydrogens to acceptor molecules
is another form of ATP
is a form of lactic acid
answer
picks up and delivers hydrogens to acceptor molecules
question
The energy currency the body uses is ________.
NAD
FAD
TCA
ATP
answer
ATP
question
Flavin adenine dinucleotide is a coenzyme form of the vitamin ________.
pantothenic acid
niacin
thiamin
riboflavin
answer
riboflavin
question
When a compound is reduced it _____ one or more electrons.
loses
gains
transforms
creates
answer
gains
question
Oxidation-reduction reactions in the body are controlled by ________.
light and dark cycles
enzymes
fluid balance
protein consumption
answer
enzymes
question
If oxygen is present, metabolism is considered to be ________.
active
anaerobic
aerobic
inactive
answer
aerobic
question
In the absence of oxygen, ______ respiration will occur.
active
anaerobic
aerobic
inactive
answer
anaerobic
question
Glycolysis is a process involving ________.
synthesis of fatty acids
reactions that convert glucose to glycogen
reactions that convert glucose to pyruvate
reactions that convert glycogen to protein
answer
reactions that convert glucose to pyruvate
question
Glycolysis begins with _________ and ends with __________.
pyruvate; water
pyruvate; glucose
glucose; pyruvate
pyruvate; acetyl-CoA
answer
glucose; pyruvate
question
In metabolism, glucose is degraded to CO2 and water. The carbon dioxide is produced in ________.
the red blood cells
the citric acid cycle
glycolysis
the electron transport chain
answer
the citric acid cycle
question
The citric acid cycle is also known as the ________.
urea cycle
Krebs cycle
menstrual cycle
aerobic pathway
answer
Krebs cycle
question
The common pathway for the oxidation of glucose and fatty acids is ________.
glycolysis
the Cori cycle
the citric acid cycle
ketosis
answer
the citric acid cycle
question
The major end products of the electron transport chain are ________.
water, carbon dioxide and ATP
glucose and amino acids
dietary fiber and ammonia
carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen
answer
water, CO2, ATP
question
In which compartment of the cell do Krebs cycle and fatty acid oxidation take place?
cell membrane
mitochondria
nucleus
cytosol
answer
mitochondria
question
Ketosis increases with ________.
fasting
a low-carbohydrate diet
uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus
All of these choices are correct
answer
all are correct
question
When there is excess glucose and amino acids in the liver, and no more ATP needs to be synthesized, these energy-rich nutrients are converted to ________.
triglycerides
pyruvate
NAD+
FAD
answer
triglycerides
question
Before protein becomes an energy source, the _________ must be removed from the molecule.
COOH
CH3
NH2
CO2
answer
NH2
question
Gluconeogenesis is the process whereby the body ________.
converts glucose to its storage form
retrieves stored glucose from the liver
lowers the glucose level of the blood
produces glucose from amino acid and glycerol molecules
answer
produces glucose from amino acid and glycerol molecules
question
The process of simply losing an amine group from amino acids is called: ________.
deamination
desaturation
beta oxidation
denaturation
answer
deamination
question
In the metabolism of amino acids for energy, the amine group is ________.
stored in the liver
converted to glucose
excreted as urea
burned for energy
answer
excreted as urea
question
Metabolism is regulated by ________.
hormones such as insulin
the presence and activity of enzymes
ATP levels in the individual cells
All of these choices are correct
answer
all of these are correct
question
Which of the following energy-yielding nutrients can be converted to glucose?
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
carbohydrates and proteins
answer
carbohydrates and proteins
question
Glycolysis is the process by which ________.
fatty acids break apart to form acetyl-CoA
glucose breaks apart to form pyruvate
amino groups move from a donor to an acceptor
NADH + H+ and FADH2 are converted to NAD+ and FAD, donating electrons and hydrogen ions to oxygen
energy derived from NADH + H+ and FADH2 is used to generate ATP
answer
glucose breaks apart to form pyruvate
question
Electron transport is the process by which ________.
fatty acids break apart to form acetyl-CoA
glucose breaks apart to form pyruvate
amino groups move from a donor to an acceptor
NADH + H+ and FADH2 are converted to NAD+ and FAD, donating electrons and hydrogen ions to oxygen
energy derived from NADH + H+ and FADH2 is used to generate ATP
answer
NADH + H+ and FADH2 are converted to NAD+ and FAD, donating electrons and hydrogen ions to oxygen
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