Music Appreciation Chapters 1-11

22 August 2022
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Melody
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Tune (group of notes in succession perceived as a whole note)
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Range
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Lowest to highest note (distance between)
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Contour
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Shape of melody
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Interval
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Distance between 2 notes (or pitches)
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Conjunct
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Connected intervals
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Disjunct
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Disconnected intervals
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Phrase
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Unit of melody in a large structure
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Countermelody
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Against the melody
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Rhythm
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Movement of music in time. Propels the music forward
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Beat
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Unit of rhythm (or time)
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Duple meter
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2 (ONE two, ONE two)
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Triple meter
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3 (ONE two three, ONE two three)
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Quadruple meter
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4 (ONE two three four, ONE two three four)
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Harmony
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Simultaneous combination of sound. More than one sound together
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Chord
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At least 3 notes. Are sounded together
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Triad
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Combination of 3 notes
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Scale
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Sequence of pitches. Series of ascending or descending notes that comprise of a particular key
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Tonic
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First note of a scale. Home base of the scale
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Tonality
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The principle of organization around the tonic
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Consonance
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The notes or harmony sound pleasing
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Dissonance
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The notes or harmony sound unpleasing
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Octave
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Interval spanning 8 notes of the scale
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Half step
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Smallest interval. One note to the next
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Chromatic scale
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All 12 notes from one octave to next
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Sharp (#)
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Raises note a half-step
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Flat (like a b)
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Lowers note a half-step
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C major
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CDEFGAB(C)
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C minor
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CDEbFGAbBb(C)
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Whole step
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Two half steps
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Texture
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Interweaving of the melodic lines with harmony
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Monophonic
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One voice or sound, one line of music
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Polyphonic
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2 or more melodic line
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Homophony
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Melody with harmonic accompaniment. Same rhythm (homorhythmic)
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Canon
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A strictly imitative piece of music
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Round
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Perpetual canon in which each voice enters separately and can be repeated endlessly (row row row your boat)
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Form
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Organization principle of music
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Strophic form
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Same melody repeated; Different text (lyrics)
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Improvisation
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Composing spontaneously in the piece
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Binary form
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AB
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Ternary
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ABA
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Tempo
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The rate of speed of music
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Different speeds of tempo (from slowest to quickest)
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Grave, largo, adagio, andante, moderato, allegro, vivace, presto
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Dynamics
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Volume
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Different dynamics (from softest to loudest)
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Pianissimo, piano, mezzo piano, mezzo forte, forte, fortissimo
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Crescendo
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Get louder
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Decrescendo
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Get softer
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Sforzando
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A "forcing" accent
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Timbre
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Quality of the sound of a voice or instrument. Size and shape of instrument matter
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Saprano
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Highest range (women and children)
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Alto
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Next to highest range (women and children)
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Tenor
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Next to lowest range (men)
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Bass
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Lowest range (men)
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Vibrato
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Slight and rapid variation in pitch
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Woodwinds
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Flute, Piccolo, Saxophone, Clarinet, Oboe, English horn, Bassoon
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Stings
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Violin, Viola, Cello, Double bass, Guitar, Harp
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Percussion
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Drums, Gong, Tambourine, Shocker, Woodblocks
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Brass
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Trumpet, Tuba, Trombone, French horn
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Keyboard
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Piano, Organ, Celeste, Accordion, Harpsichord
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Choral
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Choir, Acapella, Vocal groups
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Chamber music
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Group of 10 or less. One instrument per part.
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Chamber winds
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Woodwinds
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String Quartet
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2 Violins, 1 Viola, 1 Cello
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Symphony
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Usually strings, woodwinds, and percussion
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Symphony orchestra
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Strings
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Jazz ensemble
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Saxophone (5), Trumpet (4), Trombone (4), Rhythm (3-5)
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Conductor
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Sets tempo, volume, cues
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Sacred
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Religious music
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Secular
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Everything but religious music
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Genre
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Category of music
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Medium
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Specific group that performs a piece
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Style
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Distinctive features. Ingredients
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Opus
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Catalog number