MUS 121 Final Review

What does the term "crescendo" suggest?

What does the term "decrescendo" mean?

In music, what do we specifically call the regular and recurrent pulse?

When discussing the speed of a piece of music, you are discussing what?

What do we call a melody with smooth and connected notes?

If the notes of a melody are short, disconnected, and jumpy, those notes are what?

The term "dynamics" refers to what aspect of music?

Which term describes a series of notes that add up to a recognizable whole?

If melody is the horizontal aspect of music, what is the vertical?

Which of the following are NOT dynamic indicators?

Consonant harmony creates a sense of purity and lacks tension.

A combination of notes that is considered unstable and tense is called a consonance.

Mezzo forte means what?

Adding "issimo" to a dynamic, such as piano, means to make that dynamic an extreme of itself. (Piano means soft so pianissimo means extremely soft. Forte means strong so fortissimo means extremely strong.)

Tones are synonymous with noise, defined by their irregular and inconsistent sound waves.

Which statement best defines music?

Dissonance adds variety and a sense of tension to be resolved.

Definite and steady vibrations create what? (select all that apply)

Pitch is determined by the frequency of its vibration: slower vibration will create lower pitch.

Which of the following correctly orders tempi moving from fastest to slowest?

A composition that presents a musical idea in one voice then immediately presents it in a second voice is using a compositional technique called what?

Ternary form consists of three or more musical sections. Musical works in ternary form generally conclude with a repeat of the opening melodic material.

The term used to describe a central note, scale, or chord is what?

A musical composition can include both polyphonic and homophonic textures.

A singer accompanying themself with chords on a guitar is performing which type of music?

A piece of music with one melodic line, no accompaniment, no harmony, and no chords is best described as what?

Which of these scales do composers use to create dissonance for special, dramatic effects?

Monophony uses a single solo voice. Under no circumstances can it occur simultaneously in multiple instruments.

When talking about the primary melodic line we can also what term?

Form

Theme

Binary

Ternary

What key was historically assumed to have an exuberant and bright quality?

The shift from one key to another within a composition is called what?

A written notation in music, used to help the performer identify if a piece is in major or minor, is called what?

A musical texture, defined by multiple voices occurring simultaneously yet in contrast to each other, is called what?

What texture is most common in popular music?

Which of the following is NOT a difference between major and minor scales?

Binary form can present as any of the following structures: ABA, AABBA, AABA, or ABBA.

If your entire class sings the melody to "Take Me Home, Country Roads" simultaneously and does not add harmony, the class has created _____.

The major scale has a number of lowered notes, which give it a "sadder" sound when compared with the minor scale.

A woman starts singing "Row, Row, Row Your Boat," and when she gets to the third word, a second woman starts singing the same song from the beginning. What is this called?

For the violin, viola, cello, and double-bass, an object is commonly used to create sound from the instrument. This object is a long and thin piece of wood with horse hairs stretched from end to end. Those horsehairs are moved over the strings of the instrument to create sound. What is this object called?

What do we call a group of voices that sing together?

List these string family instruments from highest in pitch-range (1) to lowest in pitch-range (4).

As discussed in your book, list these brass family instruments from highest in pitch-range (1) to lowest in pitch-range (4).

When the keys of this instrument are pressed, air flows through specific metal pipes to create the needed pitch. Which instrument is this?

A group of musicians performing together is referred to as a/an_____.

In concert and rehearsal, orchestras, wind ensembles, choirs, and other large ensembles are led by whom?

In music, the composer always leads the orchestra while the conductor always writes the music.

In music, the composer always leads the orchestra while the conductor always writes the music.

Which of the following techniques is used exclusively by harp and guitarists, and is achieved by using the finger to pluck a stringed instrument?

Which of the following vocal ranges is typical performed by a female voice type?

Which initialism represents the correct pitch range order, moving from highest to lowest, within an instrumental families?

The piccolo is a member of the woodwind family.

The "B" in SATB initialism stands for "Baritone."

The term madrigalism was often synonymous with what other term?

A secular vocal genre containing a short poem set in the vernacular, this type of music was for multiple voices, found during the renaissance period, and used word painting so frequently that the genre's title became synonymous with the word painting technique. What is this describing?

Music that is sung with no instrument accompaniment is called a capella.

What is word painting?

1450-1600 marks the years of which musical period?

This medieval period composer was an advocate of the ars nova (which brought great change to music). He was a well-educated poet-musician. Because of his preservation of music manuscripts (mainly by gifting them to patrons), his music was preserved. This helped push the music scene forward into the next musical period. Who was this composer?

When a second melodic line was added to Gregorian chant, the song was then referred to as _____.

Who was Hildegard of Bingen?

Which musical period took place from 450-1450?

Select all musical characteristics that correctly define early Gregorian Chant.

The section of the Mass that changes based on relevant events on the liturgical calendar is called the Proper.

The Ordinary portion of Catholic Mass uses the same text and process all year.

Medieval motets used sacred language rather than secular.

Church doctrine during the Middle Ages portrayed life on Earth as the ultimate point of a person's existence. Cultural pluralism was embraced and celebrated.

The most solemn service of the Catholic church, commemorating and reenacting the Last Supper, is called

The motet uses what kind of texture?

Which statements regarding the "Ars Antiqua" style of music are true?

The main melody of a fugue is called the what?

The exposition in a fugue includes the first statement of the subject only.

Later in the baroque, royals and other aristocracy employed orchestras to provide music for their court.

Which statement is true?

The countersubject of a fugue appears only at the very end of the piece.

A toccata keyboard piece is characterized by which element(s)?

Which painting from our lecture best represents the Baroque era aesthetic?

The organic "spinning out" of a musical work based on the first few notes played is called what?

What section of a fugue begins immediately after the exposition?

Which statement regarding the movements of J.S. Bach's Baroque dance suite is incorrect?

What is a cantata?

Cantatas can be sacred or secular.

What is J.S. Bach's Coffee Cantata about?

George Frederic Handel's Messiah is a/an_____.

Handel's Messiah focuses on what subject?

A _____ is a musical work where the main melody (the subject) is developed polyphonically. After the initial melody is heard, that same melody enters a few seconds later but at a different note-level. This process continues until all layers of melodies have entered and a complicated web of sound has been created.

What is improvisation as it relates to music?

Johann Sebastian Bach lived during what musical period?

What do we call a multi-movement work where each movement is based on a particular popular dance? It is composed for a solo instrument and commonly found in the baroque period.

Which of the following is NOT one of the dances commonly present in a baroque suite?

Franz Joseph Haydn belonged to which musical period?

What famous work influenced Franz Joseph Haydn so much that it led to his creating the oratorio The Creation?

Mozart was a master of all music genres in existence during his time.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart belonged to which musical period?

The title of Mozart's works are often followed by the letter "K" and a number (like K. 273). What does this number represent?

In sonata form, what section comes immediately after the exposition?

What is the traditional form of the first movement of a classical symphony?

In the exposition, what tool serves to "transition" between themes and keys?

What did Denis Diderot, with the help of other French philosophers, contribute to the belief in enlightenment and reason?

Which of the following best exemplifies the classical period's emphasis on clear and balanced artistic style?

Absolute music tells a story or seeks to portray a tangible picture.

According to our lecture on the Classical period, what is the respective number of movements within a String Quartet, Solo Concerto, and Sonata?

Which philosopher does not belong to the Age of Enlightenment and its emphasis on human truth as being rational?

The Classical Era refers to all music that we, in modern day, refer to as "classical music."

Which description correctly describes the contrast between an "A" theme and "B" theme in the exposition of Sonata Form?

What is opera buffa?

Of the three main types of opera in the classical period, which used spoken dialogue rather than recitative?

Mozart was a master of all music genres in existence during his time.

With what impairment did Beethoven struggle for much of his life?

In 1802, Beethoven wrote a letter in which he poured out his heart and revealed his struggles, inner turmoil, and thoughts of suicide. This letter, though, also included his drive to fight through his struggles and succeed. Which letter is this?

The opening rhythmic motif of Beethoven's 5th Symphony is often nicknamed what?

To which composer do we often look as helping move the musical world from the classical period into the romantic period?

The French Revolution, a political upheaval with massive and long reaching consequences across Europe, began in what year?

Beethoven's career can be divided into 3 periods, with the first period consisting of his time mastering the Classical style.

Fearing mass protests, King Louis XVI banned the play-version of what Mozart opera, only to be eventually executed Guillotine anyway?

Franz Schubert's greatest compositional output was in the genre of the _____.

What do we call a song in which a poem is set to music and is designed to be performed by one singer and one pianist? These songs were most popular during the romantic period.

In German, art songs are referred to as _____.

Schubert's Der Erlkönig (The Elf King) follows which of the following plots?

Frederic Chopin was from _____. He loved his country and was incredibly nationalistic.

Clara Schumann was among the first pianists to perform concerts from memory (i.e., she didn't use any printed music).

What do we call a piece of music for solo piano that reflects the peace and quiet of night time?

During the romantic period, who was given the title Queen of the Piano?

Who started the trend of turning the piano sideways in concerts to allow the audience to better see the hands of the pianist while also hearing the intricate sounds produced by the instrument?

Few romantic composers could escape the influence of ______ symphonies.

Despite the popularity of Ludwig van Beethoven in the classical period, his influence was hardly felt in the romantic period (as musicians began to forget who he was).

In response to his time in the United States, what did Antonín Dvořák nickname his ninth symphony?

The third movement of Gustav Mahler's first symphony quotes the children's tune Frère Jacques (Brother John).

Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was frequently nicknamed _____.

Samuel Coleridge-Taylor sought to establish dignity for black people.

The Strophic song form uses new music for each verse of a song.

Ballad is most similar to which art song form?

P.I. Tchaikovsky is most famous for what work that he ironically also despised?

Which of the following does NOT match with the aesthetics of Romanticism?

A Salon during the Romantic period entailed a private gathering of citizens to discuss and present artistic works.

Arnold Bocklin's painting, Self-Portrait with Death Playing the Fiddle, corresponds with the aesthetic of which musical period?

George Bizet's operas, especially Carmen, present life as indifferent to human emotion, the term that best describes this artistic tradition toward realism is what?

The invention of what modern device compelled painters to begin experimenting with Impressionism in the mid-1800's?

What is program music?

Symphonie fantastique was like an autobiography of Hector Berlioz's feelings for ____.

What is an idée fixe?

Symphonie fantastique is a multi-movement symphony that greatly employs the technique of _____.

Soon after the premiere of Symphonie fantastique (in which the Artist ultimately kills the Beloved), Harriet Smithson and Hector Berlioz get married.

During the fifth movement of Symphonie fantastique, loud funeral bells are heard, followed by brass instruments that boldly play a parody of the _____ melody from the Catholic Requiem (Mass for the Dead).

_____ was an art style in which painters sought to capture an impression of a scene or subject rather than depicting it literally with crisp detail. Composers sought to mimic the style in music by emphasizing atmosphere and mood, avoiding pomp, and drifting melodies in and out smoothly.

Impressionism was heard around the world, but it most thrived in _____.

Claude Debussy was born in what country?

Who composed Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune (Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun)?

Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune (Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun) is best described with which musical style?

What answer below best fits with the musical style of primitivism?

Though his total compositional output included works beyond the style, which composer was the main composer of music of the primitivism style?

Igor Stravinsky was a composer from what country?

When Le Sacre du printemps (The Rite of Spring) premiered in Paris in 1913, the Parisian audience loved it because it contained the smooth, elegant, and graceful dancing that was traditionally found in ballet at the time.

The story of Le Sacre du printemps (The Rite of Spring) involves a young girl who, as part of pre-historic Russian pagan culture, has to dance herself to death in order to convince the gods to end winter and bring on spring.

In twelve tone music, a tone row could be played forward (as written), in retrograde (backwards), in an inversion, or in an inverted retrograde.

The serialism and twelve tone system was primarily created by what composer?

What is atonal music?

Schoenberg's Pierrot Lunaire is a song cycle about a _____.

What is sprechstimme?

What painting best exemplifies the aesthetic of Expressionism?

Which factor in early 20th century society did not contribute to Expressionism?

The 2nd Viennese School was comprised of which three composers?

Steve Reich and John Adams often compose music using a basic rhythmic motive on repeat for the entire piece. This serves to strip off nonessential elements and isolate a fundamental concept, subscribing to the mid-20th century artistic style called what?

Expressionism sought to represent the world through the lens of emotion rather than reality.

The greatest pop songwriter in 19th century America was _____. He composed songs like Camptown Races, My Old Kentucky Home, and Oh! Susanna.

"Hoedown" from Rodeo was composed by which American composer?

Who was the most successful marching band leader of America?

Composer Stephen Foster was from which country?

Who composed The Stars and Stripes Forever?

Jazz was born in _____.

_____ was a precursor to jazz. It contained much syncopation that reflected the non-European music of the slaves while following a very organized structure (an idea imported from European music). It was most popular among black piano players and involved no improvisation.

Who was Scott Joplin?

What do we call a note in which the singer (or instrumentalist) bends the note slightly lower or higher?

_____ became one of the most powerful trumpet players and most popular jazz musicians of all time.

Select all of the instruments that could belong to the rhythm section of a jazz band.

One of the non-European musical concepts observed among slaves was ____ in which one person sings or plays a short musical melody while the rest of the group responds in a similar manner.

The bebop style was particularly popular among which jazz artists?

What kind of jazz attempted to merge rock and jazz?

Stephen Foster's American parlor music for amateur musicians was most similar to the Salon music of what European composer of the same century?

Amy Beach was the first prominent female composer of American music.

Lining out was a musical practice used in early American religious services.

New York Free Jazz shared elements with what previously discussed European art movement?

Bebop jazz was a NYC reaction to what popular Jazz style from what city?

Which element of Jazz does NOT come from African traditions?