Music 2

1750-1820 Political and economic power shifted to the middle class from the aristocracy and the Church. The prospering middle class in the classical period sought aristocratic luxuries such as theater , literature and music. Reason vs. faith. Steam Engine. Revolutions. Napoleon

Melodies are tuneful and easy to remember. Compositions fluctuate in mood. A classical composition has a wealth of rhythmic patterns Homophonic Texture End of Basso Continuo

Form (Fast, Slow, Dance like, Fast)

Exposition, Development, Recapitulation

Musical idea is repeated several times and changed each time

Movement in 3/4 time

ABACABA

Three movement work for instrumental soloist and orchestra

Unaccompanied showpiece within concerto for the soloist

Piece for unaccompanied instrumentalist

For the intimate setting of a small room (string quartet, sonata)

Keyboard could play softly and loudly and replaced the harpsichord

Consisted of strings, pairs of woodwinds, horns, trumpets, and timpani

Surprise Symphony #94 in G major 2nd movement (theme and variation)

Eine Kline Nachtmusik 3rd movement (minuet)

String Quartet in C minor (rondo)

Symphony #5 in C Minor (symphony)

Piano Concerto #23 in A Major (concerto)

(1820-1900) Inspired mostly by nature with a fascination with fantasy, the exotic, romantic love, nationalism and the Middle Ages Larger orchestras. Expanded harmonies, dynamics and rhythms. Freelance musicians outside of the patronage mold. With revolution came depleted aristocracy to fund the arts. Classical vs. Progressive Romantic composers: Both influenced by Beethoven

Instrumental music associated with a story, poem, and idea

Composition for solo voice and piano

Repeating the same music for each stanza of a poem

Writing new music for each stanza

A study to help performer master technical difficulties

Short, lyrical piece for piano or solo instrument and piano accompaniment

Night Piece - slow, lyrical, intimate composition for piano

The deliberate intent to draw creative inspiration from the composer's own homeland. The use of folk melodies. The citizen's sense of national identify and patriotic feelings were intensified by romanticism, which glorified love for one's national heritage common bonds of language, culture, and history and military resistance to Napoleon

The Russian Five

A short musical idea associated with a person or an object

(Austrian) The Erkling (Art Song)

(German) Romance in E Flat Minor (Romance)

(Polish) Nocturne in E Flat major (Nocturne)

(German) Concerto for violin (Concerto)

(French) Symphonie Fantastique, 4th movement March To The Scaffold (Program Music)

(Czech) The Moldau (Nationalism)

(African) Symphony 9: First Movement (Native American Influence)

Symphony #3 in F Major (Used by Santana and DMB)

(Italian) La Boheme (Aria)

(German) Die Walkure (Leitmotif)